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Fabrication

Press Forming






Press forming is an operation where a blank is pressed between a set of shaped dies to produce a finished or semi-finished part. Presses can be set to produce a single part from a single set of dies in one operation, or a complex part produced in a series of operations in a progression tool. Due to the capital costs of the equipment and tooling, presses are usually employed for mass production. Again, as in most other forming processes, the inherent high strength of stainless steel increases the power requirements - up to 60% more force may re required than for carbon steel.

Due to the above, the tooling used in press forming stainless steel wear out faster and are more susceptible to fracture as a result of long runs at high loads. High strength tool steel such as D2 are used as they offer good resistance to shock and wear. However, in cases where galling and pressure welding is prevalent aluminium bronzes are used, and in cases where high wear is present, carbide is used. In practice, it is quite common for a tool to be subjected to the above factors. In such cases compound tools are made in tool steel with carbide and/or aluminium bronze inserts in critical areas.

Care must be taken to allow for factors such as "springback" in design of tools. Also due to their ductility, stainless steel (particularly the austenitic stainless steel grades) tend to be susceptible to wrinkling when subjected to compressive force. If a particular type of pressing is susceptible to this phenomenon, then a blank holder or pressure pad may be incorporated into the tooling. Figure 6 illustrates the above. With regard to lubrication, chlorinated or sulphurised oils, pigmented pastes, waxes and soaps are used. In high speed operations, heavy duty emulsions are used due to their superior coolant effect. In some cases PVC and PE coatings are used, not only as lubrication, but also to protect the surface finish. All the Columbus Stainless steel supplied in the annealed condition can be press formed, although the performance of the ferritic grades can be enhanced by PVC or PE coating.

Cold Forming - Blanking and Piercing | Press Breaking and Roll Forming | Spinning and Flow Forming | Coining and Embossing | Press Forming | Deep Drawing

Cutting - Sawing | Hand Hacksawing | Shearing | Abrasive Cutting | Thermal Cutting

Hot Rolling - Hot Rolling Process | Hot Rolling Application | Types of Hot Rolling Mill | Hot Rolled Steel Tube | History

Cold Rolling - Physical metallurgy | Degree of cold work | Cold Rolling Stainless Steel | Manufacturing Process

Foil rolling | Rolling Mill | Steel Mill | Production methods | Recycling of Steel | Modern Steelmaking | Contemporary Steel


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Extruded Serrated Finned Tubes Integral Finned Tubes / Extruded Aluminum Finned Tubes
Brass Alloys Copper Nickel Alloy Integral Low Finned Tubes
HFW High Frequency Welded Helical Spiral Serrated Finned Tubes
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Stainless Steel Tubing Pipe

304 Stainless Steel Pipe
304L Stainless Steel Pipe
304H Stainless Steel Pipe
304/304L Stainless Steel Tubing
309S Stainless Steel Pipe
310S Stainless Steel Pipe
316L Stainless Steel Tubing
316Ti Stainless Steel Tube
317L Stainless Steel Pipe
321 321H Stainless Steel
347 347H Stainless Steel
904L N08094 Seamless Tubes
17-4 PH 630 UNS S17400 Stainless Steel
253MA S30815 Stainless Steel Tube
S31254 254 SMO Pipe
S31803 Stainless Steel
2205 Duplex Pipe Tubing
S32101 Stainless Steel
S32304 Stainless Steel
2507 Super Duplex Pipe
S32750 Super Duplex Pipe
S32760 Super Duplex Steel
1.4462 Stainless Steel Pipe
ASTM A213 | ASTM A269
ASTM A312 | ASTM A511
ASTM A789 | ASTM A790
ASTM B161 / ASME SB 161 | ASTM B111
EN 10216-5
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S31803 S32205 S32101 S32750 S32760 S32304 S31500 S31260 Seamless Tubes
EN 10216-5 1.4462 1.4362 1.4162 1.4410 1.4501 Seamless Tubes
Nickel Alloy Tubing:

UNS N08020 Alloy 20 Tubing
UNS N02200 Alloy 200 Tube
UNS N02201 Alloy 201 Pipe
UNS N04400 Monel 400 Tubing
N06600 Inconel 600 Tube
N06601 Inconel 601 Tubing
N06625 Inconel 625 Tubes
N08800 Incoloy 800 Tube
N08810 Incoloy 800H Tube
N08811 Incoloy 800HT Tubing
UNS N08825 Incoloy 825 Pipe
ASTM B622 N10276 C276 Tubing
ASTM B622 N06022 Hastelloy C-22 Alloy Tubes
C28000 Brass Seamless Tubes C44300 Brass Seamless Tubes
C68700 Brass Seamless Tubes
C70600 Copper Nickel Tubes
C71500 Copper Nickel Tubes
DIN 2391 Seamless Precision Steel Tubes
EN 10305-1 E215 E235 E355 Seamless Precision Steel Tube Tubing Tubes
DIN 2393 St28 St34.2 St37.2 St44.2 St52.3 Welded Precision Steel Tubes
EN 10305-2 E195 E235 E355 Welded Cold Drawn Precision Steel Tube