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Steel Overview

Structural Carbon Steel | Structural Alloy Steel | Spring Steel | Rolling Bearing Steel | Free-machining Steel | Anti-friction Steel | Carbon Tool Steel | Alloy Tool Steel | High Speed Tool Steel | Stainless Steel | Heat-resisting Steel

Steel is a term used for iron to which between 0.02 to 1.7% carbon has been added. The old definition of steel used to be something like “it rusts and it sinks in water.” This material comprises the most diverse group of alloys and applications in the metals world. If there is something that needs to be made, there probably is a steel alloy that it can be made of. Steel does, of course, have poor corrosion resistance, but its relatively low cost and ease of painting make it a common choice.

The numbering system for steel is actually one of the few things in the metals industry that seems to make sense. You can determine the alloying ingredients by the first two digits of the alloy number, and the carbon content by the last two digits. For instance, 1018 mild steel is simply iron with a carbon content of 0.18%. Generally speaking, as the carbon content goes up, strength increases, but machinability and weldability decrease.

Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of alloying elements and the form of their presence in the steel controls qualities such as the hardness, ductility, and tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but such steel is also less ductile than iron.

General: Carbon steel are regarded as steels containing not more than 0,5% manganese and 0,5% silicon, all other steel being regarded as alloy steel, Stainless Steel Tube.

1008 | 1010 | 1015 | 1018 | 1020 | 1025 | 1035 | 1040 | 1045 | 1050 | 1117 | 1141 | 1144 | 12L14 | 1215 | 4130 | 4140 | 4150 | 4340 | 8620 | A36 | A653 | A513

Chemical Analysis Composition of Alloy Steel Table | Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel Table
| Material Grade Comparison Conversion Chart of Carbon Alloy Steel

Mechanical Properties | Physical Properties | Carbon Steel Pipe Standards | ASTM A53 B Working Pressure | ASTM A106 B Pressure Temperature Rating | Carbon Steel | Steel Alloy Designations | Chemical Composition Analysis of Carbon Steel Table | UNS Number G1 | UNS Number G2 | UNS Number G3 | UNS Number G4 | UNS Number G5 | UNS Number G6 | UNS Number G7

UNSNumber  
 (SAE/AISI)   		Type of SteelDescription
G10xx010xx CarbonC, Mn, P, S
G11xx011xxCarbonC, Mn, P, S
G13xx013xxManganese1.75% Mn
G23xx023xxNickel Steels3.50% Ni
G25xx025xxNickel Steel5.00% Ni
G31xx031xxNickel-Chromium1.25% Ni & .65% Cr
G33xx033xxNickel-Chromium3.00%Ni & 1.57% Cr.
303xxNickel-ChromiumCorrosion & Heat Resistant
G40xx040xMolybdenum.25% Mo
G41xx0041xxMolybdenum.95% Cr
G43xx043xxNickel-Chromium-Moldb1.82% Ni,.50% Cr, .25% Mo
G47xx047xxNickel-Chromium-Moldb1.05%Ni, .45%Cr, .20%Mo
G86xx086xxNickel-Chromium-Moldb.55%Ni, .50%Cr, .20%Mo
G87xx087xxNickel-Chromium-Moldb.55%Ni, .50%Cr, .25%Mo
G93xx093xxNickel-Chromium-Moldb3.25%Ni, 1.20%Cr, .12%Mo
G98xx098xxNickel-Chromium-Moldb1.00%Ni, .80%Cr, .25%Mo
G46xx046xxNickel-Moldb1.57%Ni, .20%Mo
G48xx048xxNickel-Moldb350%Bi, 0.25% Mo
G50xx50xxChromium.27-.50%Cr, Low Chromium
G51xx051xxChromium.80-1.05%Cr, Low Chromium
 51xxxChromium1.02&Cr, Medium Chromium
G52xx052xxxChromium1.45% Cr, High Chromium
 514xxChromiumCorrosion & Heat Chromium
G61xx061xxChromium-Vanadium.95% Cr, 0.15
G92xx092xxSilicon-Manganese.65-.87% Mn, .85-2.00% Si

General Purpose

1010 – General purpose steel. Good weldability and forming and extruding chrematistics. Often used for general structural and automotive bodies.

1015 – General purpose low carbon plate with predictable qualities.  Has excellent welding and bending properties.  Structural applications.

1020 – Good general purpose low carbon plate.  Good machinability and formability. Used in automotive camshafts and similar applications.

1025 – Plate. Higher carbon plate for greater strength. Has optimal combination of strength, weldability and good form retaining after machining.

1045 Medium carbon steel. often used for bolts, studs and shaft parts. High strength and hardness.

Hot Rolled Carbon Steel

1018, 1020 (HR,CF) – Low carbon steel. Has good hardening properties, fair machinability.  Readily brazed and welded.

1117 (HR,CF) – Low carbon, high manganese steel.  Good machinability, case hardening is deep and uniform.  Good for bending, broaching and most deforming without cracking.

Medium Carbon – Direct Hardening

1035 (HR) – Intermediate carbon higher in strength and hardness than low carbon steel. Used for studs, bolts etc.

1040, 1045 (HR,CF) – Used when greater strength and hardness is desired in the as rolled condition. Good for hammer forge processes. Uses include gears, shafts, axles, bolts sand studs.

1050 (CF) – Strain hardened, stress relieved material typically 100 KSI yield strength.

1141 (HR,CF) – Improved machinability and better heat treatment response (surface hardness is deeper and more uniform) than plain carbon steels. Uses include gears, shafts, axles, bolts, studs, pins, etc.

Screw Stock

1215 (HR,CF) – Fast cutting steel is considered the standard screw stock. Cutting speeds and machining characteristics are excellent.

Medium Carbon Alloy Bars – Annealed

4140/4150 – Widely used general purpose alloys, low in cost. A broad range of strength and toughness is attainable through variations in heat treatment. Used for forgings, tubing and fittings

4340 – Highly alloyed steel, nominally 1.8% Ni, .80% chromium and .25% molybdenum. High strength characteristics. Used for heavily stressed parts operating in fatigue and other duty conditions.

1008 | 1010 | 1015 | 1018 | 1020 | 1025 | 1035 | 1040 | 1045 | 1050 | 1117 | 1141 | 1144 | 12L14 | 1215 | 4140 | 4150 | 4340 | 8620 | A36 | A653 | A513 | Mechanical Properties | Physical Properties | Carbon Steel Pipe Standards | ASTM A53 B Working Pressure | ASTM A106 B Pressure Temperature Rating | Carbon Steel | Steel Alloy DesignationsDIN 2391 Seamless Precision Steel Tubes

EN 10305-1 E215 E235 E355 Seamless Precision Steel Tube Tubing Tubes

Hot Rolling – Hot Rolling Process | Hot Rolling Application | Types of Hot Rolling Mill | Hot Rolled Steel Tube | History

Cold Rolling – Physical metallurgy | Degree of cold work | Cold Rolling Stainless Steel | Manufacturing Process

Foil rolling | Rolling Mill | Steel Mill | Production methods | Recycling of Steel | Modern Steelmaking | Contemporary Steel
Quality Structural Carbon Steel

ChinaFormer USSRUSAUKJapanFranceGermany
GBГОСТASTMBSJISNFDIN
　　　　　　　
08F08КП1006040A04S09CK　C10
08081008045M10S9CK　C10
10F　1010040A10　XC10　
10101010,1012045M10S10CXC10C10,CK10
15151015095M15S15CXC12C15,CK15
20201020050A20S20CXC18C22,CK22
25251025　S25C　CK25
30301030060A30S30CXC32　
35351035060A35S35CXC38TSC35,CK35
40401040080A40S40CXC38H1　
45451045080M46S45CXC45C45,CK45
50501050060A52S50CXC48TSCK53
55551055070M55S55CXC55　
60601060080A62S58CXC55C60,CK60
15Mn15Г1016,1115080A17SB46XC1214Mn4
20Mn20Г1021,1022080A20　XC18　
30Mn30Г1030,1033080A32S30CXC32　
40Mn40Г1036,1040080A40S40C40M540Mn4
45Mn45Г1043,1045080A47S45C　　
50Mn50Г1050,1052030A52S53CXC48　
　　　080M50　　　

Structural Alloy Steel

20Mn220Г21320,1321150M19SMn42020Mn5
30Mn230Г21330150M28SMn433H30Mn5
35Mn235Г21335150M36SMn438(H)36Mn5
40Mn240Г21340SMn443　
45Mn245Г21345　SMn44346Mn7
50Mn250Г2　　　　
20MnV　　　　20MnV6
35SiMn35CГ　En46　37MnSi5
42SiMn35CГ　En46　46MnSi4
40B　TS14B35　　　
45B　50B46H　　　
40MnB　50B40　　　
45MnB　50B44　　　
15Cr15X5115523M15SCr415(H)15Cr3
20Cr20X5120527A19SCr420H20Cr4
30Cr30X5130530A30SCr43028Cr4
35Cr35X5132530A36SCr430(H)34Cr4
40Cr40X5140520M40SCr44041Cr4
45Cr45X5145,5147534A99SCr445　
38CrSi38XC　　　　
12CrMo12XM　620CR.B　13CrMo44
15CrMo15XMA-387Cr . B1653STC4216CrMo44
　　　　STT42　
　　　　STB42　
20CrMo20XM4119,4118CDS12SCT4220CrMo44
　　　CDS110STT42　
　　　　STB42　
25CrMo　4125En20A　25CrMo4
30CrMo30XM41301717COS110SCM420　
42CrMo　4140708A42?42CrMo4
　　　708M40　　
35CrMo35XM4135708A37SCM334CrMo4
12CrMoV12XMΦ　　　　
12Cr1MoV12X1MΦ　　　13CrMoV42
25Cr2Mo1VA25X2M1ΦA　　　　
20CrV20XΦ6120　　22CrV4
40CrV40XΦA6140　　42CrV6
50CrVA50XΦA6150735A30SUP1050CrV4
15CrMn15XГ,18XГ　　　　
20CrMn20XГCA5152527A60SUP9　
30CrMnSiA30XГCA　　　　
40CrNi40XH3140H640M40SNC23640NiCr6
20CrNi3A20XH3A3316　　20NiCr14
30CrNi3A30XH3A3325653M31SNC631H28NiCr10
　　3330　SNC631?　
20MnMoB　80B20　　　
38CrMoAlA38XMIOA　905M39SACM64541CrAlMo07
40CrNiMoA40XHMA4340871M40SNCM43940NiCrMo22

Spring Steel

　　　　　
60601060080A62S58C
8585C1085080A86SUP3
　　1084　　
65Mn65Г1566　　
55Si2Mn55C2Г9255250A53SUP6
60Si2MnA60C2ГA9260250A61SUP7
　　9260H　　
50CrVA50XΦA6150735A50SUP10
　　　　　

Rolling Bearing Steel

GCr9ШX9E51100　
　　51100　
GCr9SiMn　　　
GCr15ШX15E52100534A99
　　52100　
GCr15SiMnШX15CГ　　
　　　　

Free-machining Steel

Y12A12C1109
Y15　B1113
Y20A20C1120
Y30A30C1130
Y40MnA40ГC1144
　　　
Anti-friction SteelZGMn13116Г13Ю
　　　
Standard 
No		Steel GradeStandard NameDimension 
Range
EN 10208L210GA,L235GA,L245GA,L290GA, 
L360GA,L245NB, L290NB,L360NB, 
L415NB, L360QB, LI15QB,L450QB, 
L485QB,L555QB		Steel Pipes for Pipelines for 
Combustible Fluids		33.7-1626mm
EN 10210S235JRH,S275JOH,S275J2H,S355JOH, 
S355J2H,S355K2H,S275NH,S275NLH, 
S355NH,S355NLH,S420NH,S420NLH, 
S46INH,S460NLH		Hot Finished Structural 
Hollow Sections of Non-alloy 
and Fine Grain Steels		21.3-1219mm
EN 10216-1P195TRI,P195TR2,P235TR1, 
P235TR2, P265TR I, P265TR2		Seamless Steel Tubes for 
Pressure Purposes-1- 
Non-alloy Steel Tubes with 
Specified Room Temperature 
Properties		10.2-711mm
EN 10216-2P195GH, P235GH, P265GH, 
20MnNb6,16Mo3, 8MoB5-4, 
14MoV6.3, 10CrMo5.5,13CrMo4-5, 
10CrMo9-10, 11CrMo9.10, 
25CrMo4,20CrMoV13-5-5, 
15 NiCuMoNB-6-4,X11CrMo5+1, 
X11CrMo5+NTI,X11CrMo5+NT2, 
X11CrMo9.1+1, X11CrMo9.1+NT, 
X10CrMoVNb9-l, X20CrNiV11-1		Seamless Steel Tubes for 
Pressure Purposes-2: 
Non-alloy and Alloy Steel 
Tubes with Specified Elevated 
Temperature Properties		10.2-711mm
EN 10216-3P275NL I,P275NL2, P355N,P355NH, 
P355NL1,P355NL2,P460N,P460NH, 
P460NL1,P460NL2,P620Q,P620QH,P620QL, 
P690Q,P690QH,P690OL1,P690QL2		Seamless Steel Tubes for 
Pressure Purposes-3: 
Alloy Fine Grant Steel Tubes		10.2-711mm
EN10216-4P215NL,P255QL,P265NL, 
26CrMo4.2,11MnNi5-3,13MnNi6-3, 
12Nil4,Xl2Ni5,X10Ni9		Seamless Steel Tubes far 
Pressure Purposes-4: 
Non-alloy aid Alloy Steel 
Tubes with Specified Low 
Temperature Properties		10.2-711mm
EN 10224L235, L275, L355Non-alloy Steel Tubes and 
Fittings for the Conveyance of 
Water and Other Aqueous 
Liquids		26.9-2743mm
EN 10297-1E235,E275,E315,E355,E470, 
E275K2,E355K2,E420J2,E460K2, 
E590K2,F730K2 C22E,C35E,C45E,C60E, 
38Mn6,41Cr4,25CrMo4,30CrMo4, 
34CrMo4,42CrMo4,36CrNiMo4, 
30CrNiMo8,4lNiCrMo7-3-2		Seamless Circular Steel Tubes 
for Mechanical mid General 
Engineering Purposes-1: 
Non-alloy and Alloy 
Steel Tubes		26.9-610mm
EN 10305-1E215,E235,E355Steel Tubes For Precision 
Applications-1: 
Seamless Cold Drawn Tubes		4-260mm
EN 10305-4E215,E235,E355Steel Tubes for precision 
Applications-4: 
Seamless Cold Drawn Tubes 
for Hydraulic mid Pneumatic 
Power Systems		4-80mm

HEAT-TREATABLE STEELS 
Seamless steel tubes acc. to DIN EN 10083-3 and DIN 17204

DIN EN 10083-3:Heat-treatable steels (Quenched & tempered steels)
Steel grades:e.g. 25CrMo4, 34CrMo4, 42CrMo4
DIN 2448/17204:Seamless circular tubes made from heat-treatable steels
(DIN 2448 [replaced]):Plain end seamless steel tubes: Dimensions and conventional masses per unit length
Steel grades:e.g. 25 CrMo 4, 34 CrMo 4, 42 CrMo 4

TUBES FOR STRUCTURAL STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS MADE FROM FINE-GRAIN STEELS
Seamless steel tubes acc. to DIN EN 10210 and DIN 17124

DIN EN 10210-1:Hot-finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine-grain structural steels
Steel grades:e.g. S275NH, S355NH, S355NLH, S460NH, S460NLH
DIN EN 10210-2:Hot-finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine-grain structural steels – Tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties
DIN 2448/17124 (replaced):Seamless circular tubes of fine-grain steels for engineering purposes
(DIN 2448 [replaced]):Plain end seamless steel tubes: Dimensions and conventional masses per unit length
Steel grades:e.g. StE 285, StE 355, TStE 355, StE 460, TStE 460
Fields of application:
Steel construction ( e.g. structural and civil engineering ), bridge and crane construction


PIPELINES FOR GAS AND COMBUSTIBLE FLUIDS 
Seamless steel tubes acc. to DIN EN 10208-2 and DIN 17172

DIN EN 10216-2:Steel pipes for pipelines for combustible fluids Tubes from requirement class B
Steel grades:e.g. L290NB, L360NB, L415NB, L415QB
DIN 2448/17171 (replaced):Steel pipes for pipelines for the transport of combustible fluids and gases
(DIN 2448 [replaced]):Plain end seamless steel tubes: Dimensions and conventional masses per unit length
Steel grades:e.g. StE 290.7, StE 360.7, StE 415.7

Fields of application: Long-distance pipelines (e.g. oil and oil products) for compressed and liquid gases

Structural Steel Comparison Chart 1

GermanyGermanyChinaEnglandUKFranceItalyBelgiumSwedSpainJapanUSA
Material No.DINGBBSENAFNORUNINBNSSUNEJISAISI
1.0401C1515080M15–CC12C15C16–1350F.111–1015
1.0402C2220050A202CCC20C20C21C25-11450F.112–1020
1.0501C3535060A35–CC35C35C35-11550F.113–1035
1.0503C4545080M40–CC45C45C45-11650F.114–1045
1.0535C5555070M55––C55C55-11655––1055
1.0601C6060080A6243DCC55C60C60-1–––1060
1.70159SMn28Y15230M07–S250CF9SMn28–191211SMn28SUM221213
1.07189SMnPb28–––S250PbCF9MnPb28–191411SMnPb28SUM22L12L13
1.072210SPb20–––10PbF2CF10Pb20––10SPb20––
1.072635S20–212M368M35MF4––1957F210G–1140
1.07369SMn36Y13240M071BS300CF9SMn36––12SMn35–1215
1.07379SMnPb36–––S300PbCF9SMnPb36–192612SMnP35–12L14
1.090455Si955Si2Mn250A534555S755Si855Si7208556Si7–9255
1.096160SiCr7–––60SC760SiCr860SiCr8–60SiCr8–9262
1.1141Ck1515080M1532CXC12C16C16-21370C15KS15C1015
1.115740Mn440Mn150M361535M5–––––1039
1.1158Ck2525––––C25-2––S25C1025
1.116736Mn535Mn2––40Mn5––212036Mn5SMn4381335
1.117028Mn630Mn150M2814A20M5C28Mn28Mn6––SCMn11330
1.1183Cf3535Mn060A35–XS38TSC36C361572–S35C1035
1.119145Ck45080M46–XC42C45C45-21672C45KS45C1045
1.1203Ck5555070M55–XC45C50C55-2–C55KS55C1055
1.1213Cf5350060A52–XC48TSC53C531674–S50C1050
1.1221Ck6060Mn080A6243DXC60C60C60-21678–S58C1060
1.1274Ck101–060A96––––1870–SUP41095
1.3401X120Mn12–Z120M12–X120M12XG120Mn12––X120Mn12SCMn
H/1		–
1.3505100Cr6Gr15
45Gr		534A9931100C6100Cr6–2258F.131SUJ252100
1.541515Mo3–1501-240–15D316Mo3KW16Mo3291216Mo3–ASTM A20Gr.A

Structural Steel Comparison Table 2

GermanyGermanyChinaEnglandEnglandFranceItalyBelgiumSweSpain
Material No.DINGBBSENAFNORUNINBNSSUNE
1.542616Mo5–1503-245-420––16Mo516Mo5–16Mo5
1.562214Ni6–––16N614Ni618Ni6–15Ni6
1.5662X8Ni9–1501-509;510––X10Ni910Ni36–XBNi09
1.568012Ni19–––Z18N5–12Ni20––
1.571036NiCr6–640A35111A35NC6––––
1.573214NiCr10–––14NC1116NiCr11––15NiCr11
1.575214NiCr14–655M13;655A1236A12NC15–13NiCr12––
1.651136CrNiMo4–816M4011040NCD338CrNiMo4––35CrNiMo4
1.652321NiCrMo2–850M2036220NCD220NiCrMo2–250320NiCrMo2
1.654640NiCrMo2–311-Type7––40NiCrMo240NiCrMo2–40NiCrMo2
1.658234CrNiMo640CrNiMoA817M402435NCD635CrNiMo635CrNiMo62541–
1.658717CrNiMo6–820A16–18NCD6–17CrNiMo7–14CrNiMo13
1.701515Cr315Cr523M15–12C3–15Cr2––
1.703334Cr435Cr530A3218B32C434Cr4(KB)34Cr4–35Cr4
1.703541Cr440Cr530M401842C441Cr442Cr4–42Cr4
1.704542Cr440Cr–––––224542Cr4
1.713116MnCr1518CrMn(527M20)–16MC516MnCr1516MnCr15251116MnCr15
1.717655Cr320CrMn527A604855C3–55Cr3––
1.721825CrMo430CrMn1717CDS110–25CD425CrMo425CrMo4222555Cr3
1.722034CrMo435CrMo708A3719B35CD435CrMo434CrMo4223434CrMo4
1.722341CrMo440CrMoA708M4019A42CD4TS41CrMo441CrMo4224441CrMo4
1.722542CrMo442CrMo;
42CrMnMo		708M4019A42CD442CrMo442CrMo4224442CrMo4
1.726215CrMo5–––12CD4––221612CrMo4
1.733513CrMo44–1501-620Gr.27–15CD3.5;
15CD4.5		14CrMo4414CrMo45–14CrMo45
1.736132CrMo12–722M2440B30CD1232CrMo1232CrMo122240F.124.A
1.738010CrMo910–1501-622Gr.31;45–12CD9;1012CrMo9,10–2218TU.H
1.771514MoV63–1503-660-440–––13MoCrV6–13MoCrV6
1.815950CrV450CrVA735A504750CV450CrV450CrV4223051CrV4
1.850941CrAlMo7–905M3941B40CAD6,1241CrAlMo741CrAlMo7294041CrAlMo7
1.852339CrMoV139–897M3940C–36CrMoV1236CrMoV13––
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