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2304 Tubing ASTM A789 / ASME SA 789 S32304 1.4362 Duplex Steel Tube
Require Quotation? Send E-mail to : sales@tubingchina.com
ASTM A789 / ASME SA 789 Alloy 2304 UNS S32304 is a 23% chromium, 4% nickel, molybdenum-free duplex stainless steel. The Alloy 2304 has corrosion resistance properties similar to 316L. Furthermore, its mechanical properties, i.e., yield strength, are twice those of 304L/316L austenitic grades. This allows the designer to save weight, particularly for properly designed pressure vessel applications.
UNS S32304, is a lean duplex steel, similar to other duplex steels with it's high strength and resistance to chlorides stress corrosion cracking, however, due to its lower alloying content it has a lower level of pitting and crevice corrosion resistance (PREN approximately 26). As it contains very little Molybdenum, 2304 is a good economical alternative to 316L in some applications although 2304 is not recommended for use above 300°C. Also known by the the Uranus 35N and SAF2304.
The alloy is particularly suitable for applications covering the -50°C/+300°C (-58°F/572°F) temperature range. Lower temperatures may also be considered, but need some restrictions, particularly for welded structures. With its duplex microstructure, low nickel and high chromium contents, the alloy has improved stress corrosion resistance properties compared to 304 and 316 austenitic grades.
With its duplex microstructure and low nickel and high chromium contents, the alloy has improved stress corrosion resistance properties compared to 304 and 316 austenitic grades. Alloy 2304 duplex stainless steel successfully passes most of the standard IC test procedures such as ASTM, A262E, and C tests. Its corrosion rate in boiling nitric acid (65%) is higher than that of Alloy 316L. Due to its high yield strength, the alloy performs well in abrasion/corrosion applications.
Applications
Generally where 304 and 316L are used
Pulp and paper industry (chip storage tanks, white and black liquor tanks, digestors)
Caustic solutions, organic acids (SCC resistance)
Food industry
Pressure vessels (weight savings)
Mining (abrasion/corrosion)
Standards
ASTM/ASME.......... A240 - UNS S32304
EURONORM...........1.4362 - X2 Cr Ni 23.4
AFNOR...................Z3 CN 23.04 Az
DIN.........................W. Nr 1.4362
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Corrosion Resistance
General Corrosion
Because of its high chromium content (23%) the corrosion resistance properties of 2304 are almost equivalent to those of 316L.
Localized Corrosion Resistance
The 23% chromium and 0.1% nitrogen additions explain why 2304 duplex stainless steel behaves much better than Alloy 316L when considering pitting and crevice corrosion resistance.
Stress Corrosion Resistance
Stress corrosion resistance test results in chloride containing aqueous solutions ((8ppm 02) PH =7, >1000 h, applied stresses higher than the yield strength) show that Alloy 2304 outperforms Alloys 304L and 316L, due to its high chromium additions and low nickel contents.
This is a typical feature of duplex stainless steels. Alloy 2205 performs still better than 2304 in similar conditions.
EN-10216-5 1.4362 Chemical Composition %:
| C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
N |
Cu |
| max. 0,03 |
max. 1,00 |
max. 2,00 |
max. 0,035 |
max. 0,015 |
22,00 - 24,00 |
0,10 - 0,60 |
3,50 - 5,50 |
0,05-0,20 |
0,10-0,60 |
ASTM A789 / ASME SA 789,ASTM A790 / ASME SA790 S32304 Composition %:
| C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
N |
Cu |
| max. 0,03 |
max. 1,00 |
max. 250 |
max. 0,040 |
max. 0,040 |
21,50 - 24,50 |
0,50 - 0,60 |
3,00 - 5,50 |
0,05-0,20 |
0,50-0,60 |
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Solution annealing : 950 - 1050 °C (water)
Density 7800kg/m³
Hardness Brinell 290 Max
Tensile Strength @ Break 600 Mpa / 87000psi Min
Tensile Strength @ Yield 400 Mpa / 58000 psi 0.2% offsett
Elongation in 2" 25% Min
Modulus of Elasticity in tension 200Gpa 28500 ksi |
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General Properties
Application
Standards
Resistance to Corrosion
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Structure
Welding
Processing
Machinability
Related References:
1. Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
2. Duplex Stainless Steel
3. Super-Duplex Stainless Steel
4. Principle of Duplex Stainless Steel
5. How the Austenite Ferrite Balance Achieved
6. Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel
7. Stress Corrosion Cracking SCC of Duplex Stainless Steel
8. Barrier to Using Duplex Stainless Steel
9. Duplex Stainless Steel Grades Comparison Table
10. S32101 | S32205/S31803 | S32304 | S32750 | S32760
11. ASTM A789/A789M
12. ASTM A 790/A 790M
13. Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
14. Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Pipe
15. Super-Duplex Stainless Steels and their characteristics
16. 2507 S32750 Duplex Steel Pipe
17. S31803 Stainless Steel Pipe
18. S32304(1.4362) Duplex Steel
19. S32205 Stainless Steel Pipe
20. 1.4462 Stainless Steel Pipe
21. Use of stainless steel under high temperature condition refer table
22. ASTM A789 S31803 Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
23. ASTM A789 S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
24. Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe Specification
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S31803 S32205 S32101 S32750 S32760 S32304 S31500 S31260 Seamless Tubes
ASTM A790 ASME SA790 S31803 S32205 S32101 S32750 S32760 S32304 S31500 S31260 Seamless Pipe
EN 10216-5 1.4462 1.4362 1.4162 1.4410 1.4501 Seamless Tubes
Product Information for Lean Duplex 2304 tubing and pipe
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Sizes |
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Standard Tolerances |
| Products |
OD |
Wall |
Lengths and/or coils |
Grades |
OD |
Wall |
Lengths |
| Heat Exchanger Tubes & Condenser Tubing
Specifications: ASTM A789 and ASME SA789 |
0.5" (6 mm) to 12 " (323.85 mm)
Metric sizes available |
0.020" (0.51 mm) to 1.312 " (33.325 mm) |
Cut lengths to Cutomer Required |
Lean Duplex 2304 |
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±10% |
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Physical Properties of Lean Duplex 2304 Alloys in the Annealed Condition at -20°F to +100°F
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Tensile Strength |
Tensile Strength |
Yield Strength |
Yield Strength |
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| Alloy |
UNS |
Spec. |
MPa |
ksi |
MPa |
ksi |
Elongation in 2 in. (min.) % |
Grain Size Req. |
Max. Hardness |
Modulus of Elasticity (x106 psi) |
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (IN./IN./°F x 10-6) |
Thermal Condu
ctivity
(BTU-in/ ft2-h-°F) |
| Lean Duplex 2304
OD=1" (25.4mm); & under |
S32304 |
A789, A790 |
690 |
100* |
450 |
65* |
25 |
— |
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27.5 |
7.6 |
180 |
| Lean Duplex 2304
OD>1" (25.4mm) |
S32304 |
A789, A790 |
600 |
87 |
400 |
58* |
25 |
— |
290 HBW, 30 HRC |
27.5 |
7.6 |
180 |
*OD over 1.0" Tensile Strength >87, Yiled Strength > 58, no hardness requirement 1.0" OD and under
Lean Duplex 2304 Product Range
Alloy |
UNS Designation |
Werkstoff NR. |
Specifications |
Lean Duplex 2304 |
S32304 |
1.4362 |
ASTM A789 / ASME SA 789, ASTM A790 / ASME SA 790, EN 10216 - 5 |
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Size:1/4″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32304 Stainless Steel Tubes
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Size:3/8″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32304 Stainless Steel Tubing
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Size:1/2″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32304 Stainless Steel Pipe
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Size:5/8″ × 0.035″
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Size:3/4″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32304 Stainless Pipe
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Size:1″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32304 Stainless Tubes
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Size:5/16″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32304 Stainless Tubing
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Size:1/4″ × 0.049″
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Size:3/8″ × 0.049″
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Size:1/2″ × 0.049″
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Size:5/8″ × 0.049″
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Size:3/4″ × 0.049″
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Size:1″ × 0.049″
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Size:1/4″ × 0.065″
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Size:3/8″ × 0.065″
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Size:1/2″ × 0.065″
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Size:5/8″ × 0.065″
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Size:3/4″ × 0.065″
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Size:1″ × 0.065″
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Size:1″ × 0.120″
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ASTM A789 / ASME SA789 covers grades of average wall thickness, or, if specified on the order, minimum wall thickness, of stainless steel tubing for services requiring general corrosion resistance, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These steels are suscep- tible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.
The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of this specification is specified in the order.
Referenced Documents
ASTM Standards:
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
A1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
SAE Standard:
SAE J 1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
Ordering Information
Orders for product under this specification should in- clude the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
Name of product (seamless or welded tubes),
Grade
Size (outside diameter and average wall thickness, unless minimum wall thickness is specified),
Length (specific or random),
Optional requirements (for product analysis, see Section for hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test, see Section 10
Test report required (see the Inspection section of Specification A1016/A1016M
Specification designation, and
Special requirements.
General Requirements
Product furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of specification A1016/ A1016M, unless otherwise provided herein.
Manufacture
The tubes shall be made by the seamless or welded process with no filler metal added.
Heat Treatment
All tubes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition in accordance with the procedures shown in Table 2. For seamless tubes, as an alternate to final heat treatment in a continuous furnace or batch-type furnace, immediately follow- ing hot forming while the temperature of the tubes is not less than the specified minimum solution treatment temperature, tubes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Table 1.
| UNS | | Designation | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo | N | Cu | Others | | S31200 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 5.5–6.5 | 24.0–26.0 | 1.20–2.00 | 0.14–0.20 | . . . | . . . | | S31260 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 5.5–7.5 | 24.0–26.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.10–0.30 | 0.20
–0.80 | W 0.10
–0.50 |
| S31500 | 0.030 | 1.20
–2.00 |
0.030 | 0.030 | 1.40
–2.00 |
4.3–5.2 | 18.0–19.0 | 2.50–3.00 | 0.05–0.1 | . . . | . . . | | S31803 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 21.0–23.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.08–0.20 | . . . | . . . | | S32001 | 0.030 | 4.00
–6.00 |
0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 1.0–3.0 | 19.5–21.5 | 0.60 | 0.05–0.17 | 1.00 | . . . | | S32003 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 3.0-4.0 | 19.5-22.5 | 1.50-2.00 | 0.14-0.20 | . . . | . . . | | S32101 | 0.040 | 4.0-6.0 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 1.35-1.70 | 21.0-22.0 | 0.10-0.80 | 0.20-0.25 | 0.10
-0.80 |
. . . | | S32202 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.010 | 1.00 | 1.00–2.80 | 21.5–24.0 | 0.45 | 0.18–0.26 | . . . | . . . | | S32205 / Alloy 2205 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 22.0–23.0 | 3.0–3.5 | 0.14–0.20 | . . . | . . . | | S32304 / Alloy 2304 | 0.030 | 2.50 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 1.00 | 3.0–5.5 | 21.5–24.5 | 0.05–0.60 | 0.05–0.20 | 0.05
–0.60 |
. . . | | S32506 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.015 | 0.90 | 5.5–7.2 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–3.5 | 0.08–0.20 | . . . | W 0.05
–0.30 |
| S32520 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 5.5–8.0 | 23.0–25.0 | 3.–5. | 0.20–0.35 | 0.50
–3.00 |
. . . | | S32550 | 0.04 | 1.50 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 24.0–27.0 | 2.9–3.9 | 0.10–0.25 | 1.50
–2.50 |
. . . | | S32707 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.50 | 5.5–9.5 | 26.0–29.0 | 4.0–5.0 | 0.30–0.50 | 1.0 max | Co 0.5
–2.0 |
| S32750 / 2507 Pipe | 0.030 | 1.20 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–5.0 | 0.24–0.32 | 0.50 | . . . | | S32760 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–4.0 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.50
–1.00 | W 0.50
–1.00 |
| S32808 | 0.030 | 1.10 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.50 | 7.0–8.2 | 27.0–27.9 | 0.80–1.20 | 0.30–0.40 | . . . | W 2.10
–2.50 |
| S32900 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 2.5–5.0 | 23.0–28.0 | 1.00–2.00 | . . . | . . . | . . . | | S32906 | 0.030 | 0.80
–1.50 |
0.030 | 0.030 | 0.80 | 5.8–7.5 | 28.0 –30.0 | 1.50–2.60 | 0.30–0.40 | 0.80 | . . . | | S32950 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.60 | 3.5–5.2 | 26.0–29.0 | 1.00–2.50 | 0.15–0.35 | . . . | . . . | | S33207 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.80 | 6.0–9.0 | 29.0–33.0 | 3.0–5.0 | 0.40–0.60 | 1.0 | . . . | | S39274 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.24–0.32 | 0.20
–0.80 | W 1.50
–2.50 |
| S39277 | 0.025 | 0.80 | 0.025 | 0.002 | 0.80 | 6.5–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.00–4.00 | 0.23–0.33 | 1.20
–2.00 | W 0.80
–1.21 |
| S82011 | 0.030 | 2.0
–3.0 |
0.040 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 1.00–2.00 | 20.5–23.5 | 0.10–1.00 | 0.15–0.27 | 0.50 | . . . | | S82441 | 0.030 | 2.50
–4.00 |
0.035 | 0.005 | 0.70 | 3.0–4.5 | 23.0–25.0 | 1.00–2.00 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.10
–0.80 |
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A Maximum, unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (...) appear in this table, there is no minimum and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
B Designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.
C % Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N $ 41.
D % Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N $ 40.
Product Analysis
1. An analysis of either one billet or one length of flat-rolled stock or one tube shall be made from each heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
2. A product analysis tolerance (see the annex table on Chemical Requirements (Product Analysis Tolerances) in Specification A480/A480M) shall apply. The product analysis tolerance is not applicable to the carbon content for material with a specified maximum carbon of 0.04 % or less.
3. If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes shall be made. Both retests for the elements in question shall meet the requirements of this specification; otherwise, all remaining material in the heat shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each billet or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes that do not meet the requirements of this specification shall be re- jected.
NOTE 1—For flange and flaring requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting of the same nominal size and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and from the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when heat treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, the number of tubes of the same size and from the same heat in a lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes as prescribed in Table 3.
NOTE 2—For tension and hardness test requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat
treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when heat treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed, or all tubes of the same size and heat, hot formed and quenched in the same production run.
Mechanical Tests Required
1. Tension Tests—One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50 tubes (see Note 2).
2. Flaring Test (for Seamless Tubes)—One test shall be made on specimens from one end of one tube from each lot (see Note 1) of finished tubes. The minimum expansion of the inside diameter shall be 10 %.
3. Flange Test (for Welded Tubes)—One test shall be made on specimens from one end of one tube from each lot (see Note1) of finished tubes.
4. Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (see Note 2).
5. When more than one heat is involved, the tension, flaring, flanging, and hardness test requirements shall apply to each heat.
6. Reverse Flattening Test—For welded tubes, one reverse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [450 m] of finished tubing.
Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test
1 Each tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.
2. The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with Speci- fication A1016/A1016M, except that in the calculation of the hydrostatic test pressure 64000(441.2) shall be substituted for
32000(220.6).
Table.2 Heat Treatment
| UNS
Designation |
Temperature |
Quench |
| S31803 |
1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32205 |
1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31500 |
1800-1900 °F [980-1040°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32550 |
1900 °F [1040°C] min. |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31200 |
1920-2010 °F [1050-1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in water |
| S31260 |
1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in water |
| S32001 |
1800-1950 °F [982-1066°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32003 |
1850-2050 °F [1010-1120°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32101 |
1870 °F min |
Quenched in water or Rapidly cooling in other means |
| S32202 |
1870-1975 °F [1020-1080°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32506 |
1870-2050 °F [1020-1120°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32304 |
1700-1920 °F [925-1050°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32750 |
1880-2060 °F [1025-1125°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32760 |
2010-2085 °F [1100-1140°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32950 |
1820-1880 °F [990-1025°C] |
Rapid cooling in water |
| S32520 |
1975-2050 °F [1080-1120°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
Tensile Strength and Hardness Requirements
11.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardness properties prescribed in Table 4.
| Grade |
Tensile strength, min., ksi [MPa] |
Yield strength, min., ksi [MPa] |
Elongation in 2 in., or 50mm, min, % |
Hardness, Max
Brinell |
| S31803 |
90 [620] |
65 [450] |
25 |
290 |
| S32205 |
95 [655] |
70 [485] |
25 |
290 |
| S31500 |
92 [630] |
64 [440] |
30 |
290 |
| S32550 |
110 [760] |
80 [550] |
15 |
297 |
| S31200 |
100 [690] |
65 [450] |
25 |
280 |
| S31260 |
100 [690] |
65 [450] |
25 |
290 |
| S32001 |
90 [620] |
65 [450] |
25 |
290 |
| S32304 |
100 [690] |
65 [450] |
25 |
290 |
| S32750 |
116 [800] |
80 [550] |
15 |
310 |
| S32760 |
109 [750] |
80 [550] |
25 |
300 |
| S32950 |
100 [690] |
70 [480] |
20 |
290 |
| S32520 |
112 [770] |
80 [550] |
25 |
310 |
For tubing smaller than 1⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter, the elongation values given for strip specimens in Table 4 shall apply. Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in outside diameter or with walls thinner than 0.015 in. [0.4 mm].
Prior to A789/A789M–04, the values for S32003 were 90 ksi tensile strength and 65 ksi yield strength.
Permissible Variations in Dimensions
1 Variations in outside diameter, wall thickness, and length from those specified shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 5.
2 The permissible variations in outside diameter given in Table 5 are not sufficient to provide for ovality in thin-walled tubes, as defined in the table. In such tubes, the maximum and minimum diameters at any cross section shall deviate from the nominal diameter by no more than twice the permissible variation in outside diameter given in Table 5; however, the mean diameter at that cross section must still be within the given permissible variation.
Surface Condition
All tubes shall be free of excessive mill scale, suitable for inspection. A slight amount of oxidation will not be considered as scale. Any special finish requirements shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Product Marking
In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A1016/A1016M, the marking shall indicate whether the tubing is seamless or welded and the wall designation (average wall or minimum wall).
Visual Testing
100% PMI Testing
Hydraustatic Testing
Plywood Cases Package
Iron Frame Plywood Case Package
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