ASTM A790 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
ASTM A790 covers seamless and straight-seam welded ferritic/austenitic duplex stainless steel pipe for general corrosive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The pipe shall be made by the seamless or an automatic welding process, with no addition of filler metal in the welding operation. Heat analysis shall be made to determine the percentages of the elements specified. Tension tests, hardening tests, flattening tests, hydrostatic test and nondestructive electric tests shall be made to conform to the specified requirements.
This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred to for its use and application. This specification covers seamless and straight-seam welded ferritic/ austenitic stainless steel pip intended for general corrosive service, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These steel are susceptible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.
Optional supplementary requirements are provided for pipe when a greater degree of testing is desired. These supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and, when desired, one or more of these may be specified in the order.
Appendix X1 of this specification lists the dimensions of welded and stainless steel seamless pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification.
The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of this specification is specified in the order.
The dimensionless designator Nominal Pipe Size (nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as nominal diameter, size, and nominal size.
Referenced Documents
ASTM A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steel
ASTM A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
ASTM A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
ASTM E213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing
ASTM E309 Practice for Eddy-Current Examination of Steel Tubular Products Using Magnetic Saturation
ASTM E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings
ASTM E426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
ASTM E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
ASTM A5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Electrodes
ASTM B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose
ASTM B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
ASTM B36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe
SAE J 1086
SNT-TC-1A Personal Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ASTM A789/A789M | ASTM A790/A 790M | Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe | Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Pipe | Super-Duplex Stainless Steels and their characteristics | 2507 S32750(1.4410) Duplex Steel | S32205 S31803(1.4462) Duplex Steel | S32304(1.4362) Duplex Steel | S32760 1.4501 Stainless Steel | LDX2101 S32101 1.4162 Duplex Stainless Steel
Index Terms
duplex stainless steel pipe; ferritic/austenitic stainless steel; seamless steel pipe; stainless steel tube; steel pipe; welded steel pipe; Austenitic stainless steel pipe–specifications; Corrosion-resistant steel–specifications; Corrosive service applications–pipe (steel); Duplex stainless steel–specifications; Ferritic steel pipe–specifications; Seamless austenitic steel pipe–specifications; Stainless steel tube–specifications; Welded steel pipe–specifications; ICS Number Code 23.040.10; 23.040.10; 23.040.10
ASTM A790 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
ASME SA790 / 790M Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe
Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe Specification
| Standard Item | ASTM A789 | ASTM A790 | EN 10216-5 | |||
| Grade | S31803 S32205 S32750 | S31803 S32205 S32750 | 1.4301 1.4307 1.4948 1.4315 1.4401 1.4404 1.4571 1.4541 1.4941 1.4845 1.4449 1.4438 1.4550 1.4912 1.4462 1.4410 | |||
| Yield Strength (Mpa) | ≥450；≥485；≥550 | ≥450；≥450；≥550 | — | |||
| Tensile Strength (Mpa) | ≥620；≥655；≥800 | ≥620；≥655；≥800 | — | |||
| Elongation(%) | ≥25；≥25；≥15 | ≥25；≥25；≥15 | — | |||
| Hydrostatic Test | The Hydrostatic Test shall be in accordance with ASTM A1016.Could be replaced by ECT. | The Hydrostatic Test shall be in accordance with ASTM A999.Could be replaced by ECT. | The hydrostatic test shall be carried out at a test pressure of 7MPa or at a test pressure calculated using the following formula P=2St/D S=70%Rp0.2 | |||
| Intergranular Corrosion Test | Usually use Pitting Corrosion Test. | Usually use Pitting Corrosion Test. | EN ISO 3651-2 (Optional) | |||
| Eddy Current Test | Could be replaced by HT. | Could be replaced by HT. | EN 10246-3 | |||
| O.D. Tolerance (mm) | O.D. | O.D.Tolerance | O.D. | O.D.Tolerance | O.D. Tolerance Class | |
| D<12.7 | +/-0.13 | 10.3≤D≤48.3 | +0.40/-0.80 | D3 | +/-0.75% or +/-0.3mm | |
| 12.7≤D<38.1 | +/-0.13 | 48.3<D≤114.3 | +0.80/-0.80 | |||
| whichever is the greater | ||||||
| 38.1≤D<88.9 | +/-0.25 | 114.3<D≤219.1 | +1.60/-0.80 | D4 | +/-0.5% or +/-0.1mm | |
| 88.9≤D<139.7 | +/-0.38 | 219.1<D≤457.0 | +2.40/-0.80 | |||
| whichever is the greater | ||||||
| W.T. Tolerance (mm) | O.D. | W.T.Tolerance | O.D. | W.T.Tolerance | W.T. Tolerance Class | |
| D<12.7 | +/-15% | 10.3≤D≤73.0 | +20.0%/-12.5% | T3 | +/-10% or +/-0.2mm | |
| 12.7≤D<38.1 | +/-10% | |||||
| 88.9≤D≤457.0 t/D ≤5% | +22.5%/-12.5% | whichever is the greater | ||||
| 38.1≤D<88.9 | +/-10% | T4 | +/-7.5% or +/-0.15mm | |||
| 88.9≤D≤457.0 t/D >5% | +15.0%/-12.5% | |||||
| 88.9≤D<139.7 | +/-10% | |||||
| whichever is the greater | ||||||
ASTM A789 / ASME SA789 covers grades of average wall thickness, or, if specified on the order, minimum wall thickness, of stainless steel tubing for services requiring general corrosion resistance, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These steels are suscep- tible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.
The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of this specification is specified in the order.
Referenced Documents
ASTM Standards:
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
A1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
SAE Standard:
SAE J 1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
Ordering Information
Orders for product under this specification should in- clude the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
Name of product (seamless or welded tubes),
Grade
Size (outside diameter and average wall thickness, unless minimum wall thickness is specified),
Length (specific or random),
Optional requirements (for product analysis, see Section for hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test, see Section 10
Test report required (see the Inspection section of Specification A1016/A1016M
Specification designation, and
Special requirements.
General Requirements
Product furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of specification A1016/ A1016M, unless otherwise provided herein.
Manufacture
The tubes shall be made by the seamless or welded process with no filler metal added.
Heat Treatment
All tubes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition in accordance with the procedures shown in Table 2. For seamless tubes, as an alternate to final heat treatment in a continuous furnace or batch-type furnace, immediately follow- ing hot forming while the temperature of the tubes is not less than the specified minimum solution treatment temperature, tubes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
Table.1 ASTM A789 Duplex Steel Chemical Composition
The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Table 1.
| UNS | |||||||||||
| Designation | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo | N | Cu | Others |
| S31200 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 5.5–6.5 | 24.0–26.0 | 1.20–2.00 | 0.14–0.20 | . . . | . . . |
| S31260 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 5.5–7.5 | 24.0–26.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.10–0.30 | 0.20 –0.80 | W 0.10 –0.50 |
| S31500 | 0.030 | 1.20 –2.00 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 1.40 –2.00 | 4.3–5.2 | 18.0–19.0 | 2.50–3.00 | 0.05–0.1 | . . . | . . . |
| S31803 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 21.0–23.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.08–0.20 | . . . | . . . |
| S32001 | 0.030 | 4.00 –6.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 1.0–3.0 | 19.5–21.5 | 0.60 | 0.05–0.17 | 1.00 | . . . |
| S32003 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 3.0-4.0 | 19.5-22.5 | 1.50-2.00 | 0.14-0.20 | . . . | . . . |
| S32101 | 0.040 | 4.0-6.0 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 1.35-1.70 | 21.0-22.0 | 0.10-0.80 | 0.20-0.25 | 0.10 -0.80 | . . . |
| S32202 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.010 | 1.00 | 1.00–2.80 | 21.5–24.0 | 0.45 | 0.18–0.26 | . . . | . . . |
| S32205 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 22.0–23.0 | 3.0–3.5 | 0.14–0.20 | . . . | . . . |
| S32304 | 0.030 | 2.50 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 1.00 | 3.0–5.5 | 21.5–24.5 | 0.05–0.60 | 0.05–0.20 | 0.05 –0.60 | . . . |
| S32506 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.015 | 0.90 | 5.5–7.2 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–3.5 | 0.08–0.20 | . . . | W 0.05 –0.30 |
| S32520 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 5.5–8.0 | 23.0–25.0 | 3.–5. | 0.20–0.35 | 0.50 –3.00 | . . . |
| S32550 | 0.04 | 1.50 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 24.0–27.0 | 2.9–3.9 | 0.10–0.25 | 1.50 –2.50 | . . . |
| S32707 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.50 | 5.5–9.5 | 26.0–29.0 | 4.0–5.0 | 0.30–0.50 | 1.0 max | Co 0.5 –2.0 |
| S32750 | 0.030 | 1.20 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–5.0 | 0.24–0.32 | 0.50 | . . . |
| S32760 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–4.0 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.50 –1.00 | W 0.50 –1.00 |
| S32808 | 0.030 | 1.10 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.50 | 7.0–8.2 | 27.0–27.9 | 0.80–1.20 | 0.30–0.40 | . . . | W 2.10 –2.50 |
| S32900 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 2.5–5.0 | 23.0–28.0 | 1.00–2.00 | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| S32906 | 0.030 | 0.80 –1.50 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.80 | 5.8–7.5 | 28.0 –30.0 | 1.50–2.60 | 0.30–0.40 | 0.80 | . . . |
| S32950 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.60 | 3.5–5.2 | 26.0–29.0 | 1.00–2.50 | 0.15–0.35 | . . . | . . . |
| S33207 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.80 | 6.0–9.0 | 29.0–33.0 | 3.0–5.0 | 0.40–0.60 | 1.0 | . . . |
| S39274 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.24–0.32 | 0.20 –0.80 | W 1.50 –2.50 |
| S39277 | 0.025 | 0.80 | 0.025 | 0.002 | 0.80 | 6.5–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.00–4.00 | 0.23–0.33 | 1.20 –2.00 | W 0.80 –1.21 |
| S82011 | 0.030 | 2.0 –3.0 | 0.040 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 1.00–2.00 | 20.5–23.5 | 0.10–1.00 | 0.15–0.27 | 0.50 | . . . |
| S82441 | 0.030 | 2.50 –4.00 | 0.035 | 0.005 | 0.70 | 3.0–4.5 | 23.0–25.0 | 1.00–2.00 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.10 –0.80 | |
A Maximum, unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (…) appear in this table, there is no minimum and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
B Designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.
C % Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N $ 41.
D % Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N $ 40.
Product Analysis
1. An analysis of either one billet or one length of flat-rolled stock or one tube shall be made from each heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
2. A product analysis tolerance (see the annex table on Chemical Requirements (Product Analysis Tolerances) in Specification A480/A480M) shall apply. The product analysis tolerance is not applicable to the carbon content for material with a specified maximum carbon of 0.04 % or less.
3. If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes shall be made. Both retests for the elements in question shall meet the requirements of this specification; otherwise, all remaining material in the heat shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each billet or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes that do not meet the requirements of this specification shall be re- jected.
NOTE 1—For flange and flaring requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting of the same nominal size and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and from the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when heat treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, the number of tubes of the same size and from the same heat in a lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes as prescribed in Table 3.
NOTE 2—For tension and hardness test requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when heat treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed, or all tubes of the same size and heat, hot formed and quenched in the same production run.
Mechanical Tests Required
1. Tension Tests—One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50 tubes (see Note 2).
2. Flaring Test (for Seamless Tubes)—One test shall be made on specimens from one end of one tube from each lot (see Note 1) of finished tubes. The minimum expansion of the inside diameter shall be 10 %.
3. Flange Test (for Welded Tubes)—One test shall be made on specimens from one end of one tube from each lot (see Note1) of finished tubes.
4. Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (see Note 2).
5. When more than one heat is involved, the tension, flaring, flanging, and hardness test requirements shall apply to each heat.
6. Reverse Flattening Test—For welded tubes, one reverse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [450 m] of finished tubing.
Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test
1 Each tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.
2. The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with Speci- fication A1016/A1016M, except that in the calculation of the hydrostatic test pressure 64000(441.2) shall be substituted for 32000(220.6).
Table.2 Heat Treatment
| UNS Designation | Temperature | Quench |
| S31803 | 1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32205 | 1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31500 | 1800-1900 °F [980-1040°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32550 | 1900 °F [1040°C] min. | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31200 | 1920-2010 °F [1050-1100°C] | Rapid cooling in water |
| S31260 | 1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] | Rapid cooling in water |
| S32001 | 1800-1950 °F [982-1066°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32003 | 1850-2050 °F [1010-1120°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32101 | 1870 °F min | Quenched in water or Rapidly cooling in other means |
| S32202 | 1870-1975 °F [1020-1080°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32506 | 1870-2050 °F [1020-1120°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32304 | 1700-1920 °F [925-1050°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32750 | 1880-2060 °F [1025-1125°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32760 | 2010-2085 °F [1100-1140°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32950 | 1820-1880 °F [990-1025°C] | Rapid cooling in water |
| S32520 | 1975-2050 °F [1080-1120°C] | Rapid cooling in air or water |
Tensile Strength and Hardness Requirements
11.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardness properties prescribed in Table 4.
| Grade | Tensile strength, min., ksi [MPa] | Yield strength, min., ksi [MPa] | Elongation in 2 in., or 50mm, min, % | Hardness, Max Brinell |
| S31803 | 90 [620] | 65 [450] | 25 | 290 |
| S32205 | 95 [655] | 70 [485] | 25 | 290 |
| S31500 | 92 [630] | 64 [440] | 30 | 290 |
| S32550 | 110 [760] | 80 [550] | 15 | 297 |
| S31200 | 100 [690] | 65 [450] | 25 | 280 |
| S31260 | 100 [690] | 65 [450] | 25 | 290 |
| S32001 | 90 [620] | 65 [450] | 25 | 290 |
| S32304 | 100 [690] | 65 [450] | 25 | 290 |
| S32750 | 116 [800] | 80 [550] | 15 | 310 |
| S32760 | 109 [750] | 80 [550] | 25 | 300 |
| S32950 | 100 [690] | 70 [480] | 20 | 290 |
| S32520 | 112 [770] | 80 [550] | 25 | 310 |
For tubing smaller than 1⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter, the elongation values given for strip specimens in Table 4 shall apply. Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in outside diameter or with walls thinner than 0.015 in. [0.4 mm].
Prior to A789/A789M–04, the values for S32003 were 90 ksi tensile strength and 65 ksi yield strength.
Permissible Variations in Dimensions
1 Variations in outside diameter, wall thickness, and length from those specified shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 5.
2 The permissible variations in outside diameter given in Table 5 are not sufficient to provide for ovality in thin-walled tubes, as defined in the table. In such tubes, the maximum and minimum diameters at any cross section shall deviate from the nominal diameter by no more than twice the permissible variation in outside diameter given in Table 5; however, the mean diameter at that cross section must still be within the given permissible variation.
Surface Condition
All tubes shall be free of excessive mill scale, suitable for inspection. A slight amount of oxidation will not be considered as scale. Any special finish requirements shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Product Marking
In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A1016/A1016M, the marking shall indicate whether the tubing is seamless or welded and the wall designation (average wall or minimum wall).
Related References:
1. Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
2. Duplex Stainless Steel
3. Super-Duplex Stainless Steel
4. Principle of Duplex Stainless Steel
5. How the Austenite Ferrite Balance Achieved
6. Corrosion Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steel
7. Stress Corrosion Cracking SCC of Duplex Stainless Steel
8. Barrier to Using Duplex Stainless Steel
9. Duplex Stainless Steel Grades Comparison Table
10. S32101 | S32205/S31803 | S32304 | S32750 | S32760
11. ASTM A789/A789M
12. ASTM A 790/A 790M
13. Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
14. Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Pipe
15. Super-Duplex Stainless Steels and their characteristics
16. 2507 S32750 Duplex Steel Pipe
17. S31803 Stainless Steel Pipe
18. S32304(1.4362) Duplex Steel
19. S32205 Stainless Steel Pipe
20. 1.4462 Stainless Steel Pipe
21. Use of stainless steel under high temperature condition refer table
22. ASTM A789 S31803 Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
23. ASTM A789 S32205 Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
24. Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe Specification
25. Export ASME SA789 S32750 Stainless Steel Bright Annealing Tube