ASTM A789 ASME SA789 LDX 2101 S32101 1.4162 Duplex Steel Pipe
Require Quotation? Send E-mail to : sales@tubingchina.com
ASME SA789 ASME A789 LDX 2101® (EN 10216-5 1.4162) is a lean duplex stainless steel designed for general purpose use. Like other duplex stainless steel, LDX 2101® provides both superior strength and chloride stress corrosion cracking resistance compared to 300 series stainless steel. The use of manganese ensures proper ferrite-austenite phase balance, while allowing a reduction in nickel content. As a result, LDX 2101® is priced competitively with 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel.
LDX 2101 (UNS S32101) is a 21.5% chromium, 5% manganese, 1.5% nickel, 0.45% molybdenum lean duplex stainless steel with corrosion resistance superior to 304L and comparable to 316L. LDX 2101 possesses both superior strength and greater chloride stress-corrosion cracking resistance than conventional 300 series stainless steel.
The combination of a duplex structure and high nitrogen content provide significantly higher strength levels than 316/316L stainless steel. Often a lighter gauge of LDX 2101® can be utilized, while maintaining the same strength as a 300 series fabrication. The resultant weight savings can dramatically reduce the material and fabrication costs of a component.
The enhanced mechanical strength of LDX 2101 enables it to be used in thinner cross-sections which can provide significant cost savings to the end user. LDX 2101 was designed to be a low nickel general purpose substitute for 304 and 304L. High resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
General Properties
Application
Standards
Chemical Composition
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Design Stress Allowance
General Corrosion
Corrosion Resistance
Chloride Pitting Resistance
Crevice Corrosion Resistance
Stress-Corrosion Cracking Resistance
ASTM A789/A789M
ASTM A 790/A 790M
Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
LDX 2101 S32101 1.4162 Duplex Stainless Steel Tubing Pipe
S32205 S31803 1.4462 Duplex Stainless Steel Tubing Pipe
S32304 1.4362 Duplex Stainless Steel Tubing Pipe
S32760 1.4501 Stainless Steel Tube Pipe
2507 S32750 1.4410 Duplex Stainless Steel Tube Pipe
Super-Duplex Stainless Steels and their characteristics
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S31803 S32205 S32101 S32750 S32760 S32304 S31500 S31260 Seamless Tubes
ASTM A790 ASME SA790 S31803 S32205 S32101 S32750 S32760 S32304 S31500 S31260 Seamless Pipe
EN 10216-5 1.4462 1.4362 1.4162 1.4410 1.4501 Seamless Tubes
Require Quotation? Send E-mail to : sales@tubingchina.com
LDX 2101 is a low-alloyed, general purpose lean duplex stainless steel. It possesses properties such as high mechanical strength, similar to that of other duplex steel, and good corrosion resistance. Compared to 300 series stainless steels, 2101 duplex stainless steel provides superior strength and greater chloride stress corrosion cracking resistance.
The use of manganese ensures proper ferrite-austenite phase balance, while allowing a reduction in nickel content. As a result, LDX 2101 is priced competitively with 304L and 316L stainless steel. Due to its relatively low alloying content, it is less prone to precipitation of intermetallic phases than other duplex steel.
Corrosion Resistance
The corrosion resistance of LDX2101 is generally good, and therefore is suitable for use in a wide range of general-purpose applications and environments. Attributable to its duplex structure, LDX 2101 offers an excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking. It also offers corrosion resistance comparable to 304L and 316L stainless steel, making it an excellent candidate to replace 300 series stainless in a wide variety of applications.
What are the characteristics of LDX 2101?
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Chemical Composition, %
| Cr |
Ni |
Mo |
C |
N |
Mn |
| 21.0-22.0 |
1.35-1.70 |
0.10-0.80 |
.040 Max |
0.20-0.25 |
4.00-6.00 |
| Si |
P |
S |
Cu |
Fe |
|
| 1.00 Max |
.040 Max |
.030 Max |
0.10-0.80 |
Balance |
|
In what applications is LDX 2101 used?
- Chemical process vessels, piping and heat exchanger
- General purpose stainless steel applications
- Storage Tanks
- Water treatment
- Pulp & Paper mill equipment
- Water heater tanks
ASTM Specifications
Mechanical Properties
Specified Tensile Properties ASTM A240
Cold Rolled Plate and Sheet > ¼”
| Alloy |
Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi Minimum |
.2% Yield Strength, ksi Minimum |
Elongation % Minimum |
Hardness Brinell Maximum |
| 2101 |
94 |
65 |
30 |
290 |
| 304/304L |
75 |
30 |
40 |
201 |
| 316/316L |
75 |
30 |
40 |
217 |
| 2205 |
95 |
65 |
25 |
293 |
Mechanical Properties
Specified Tensile Properties ASTM A240
Cold Rolled Plate and Sheet ≤ ¼”
LDX2101® is a registered trademark of Outokumpu Stainless Steel.
S32101 Physical Properties
Density: 0.278 lb/inch3
Melting Point: 2525- 2630°F
Poisson's Ratio: 0.3
Electrical Resistivity: 481 Ohm - circ mil/ft
ASTM A789 / ASME SA789 covers grades of average wall thickness, or, if specified on the order, minimum wall thickness, of stainless steel tubing for services requiring general corrosion resistance, with particular emphasis on resistance to stress corrosion cracking. These steels are suscep- tible to embrittlement if used for prolonged periods at elevated temperatures.
The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M designation of this specification is specified in the order.
Referenced Documents
ASTM Standards:
A480/A480M Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
A1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
SAE Standard:
SAE J 1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
Ordering Information
Orders for product under this specification should in- clude the following, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:
Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
Name of product (seamless or welded tubes),
Grade
Size (outside diameter and average wall thickness, unless minimum wall thickness is specified),
Length (specific or random),
Optional requirements (for product analysis, see Section for hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test, see Section 10
Test report required (see the Inspection section of Specification A1016/A1016M
Specification designation, and
Special requirements.
General Requirements
Product furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of specification A1016/ A1016M, unless otherwise provided herein.
Manufacture
The tubes shall be made by the seamless or welded process with no filler metal added.
Heat Treatment
All tubes shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition in accordance with the procedures shown in Table 2. For seamless tubes, as an alternate to final heat treatment in a continuous furnace or batch-type furnace, immediately follow- ing hot forming while the temperature of the tubes is not less than the specified minimum solution treatment temperature, tubes may be individually quenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means.
The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in Table 1.
| UNS | | Designation | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Ni | Cr | Mo | N | Cu | Others | | S31200 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 5.5–6.5 | 24.0–26.0 | 1.20–2.00 | 0.14–0.20 | . . . | . . . | | S31260 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 5.5–7.5 | 24.0–26.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.10–0.30 | 0.20
–0.80 | W 0.10
–0.50 |
| S31500 | 0.030 | 1.20
–2.00 |
0.030 | 0.030 | 1.40
–2.00 |
4.3–5.2 | 18.0–19.0 | 2.50–3.00 | 0.05–0.1 | . . . | . . . | | S31803 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 21.0–23.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.08–0.20 | . . . | . . . | | S32001 | 0.030 | 4.00
–6.00 |
0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 1.0–3.0 | 19.5–21.5 | 0.60 | 0.05–0.17 | 1.00 | . . . | | S32003 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 3.0-4.0 | 19.5-22.5 | 1.50-2.00 | 0.14-0.20 | . . . | . . . | | S32101 | 0.040 | 4.0-6.0 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 1.35-1.70 | 21.0-22.0 | 0.10-0.80 | 0.20-0.25 | 0.10
-0.80 |
. . . | | S32202 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.040 | 0.010 | 1.00 | 1.00–2.80 | 21.5–24.0 | 0.45 | 0.18–0.26 | . . . | . . . | | S32205 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 22.0–23.0 | 3.0–3.5 | 0.14–0.20 | . . . | . . . | | S32304 | 0.030 | 2.50 | 0.040 | 0.040 | 1.00 | 3.0–5.5 | 21.5–24.5 | 0.05–0.60 | 0.05–0.20 | 0.05
–0.60 |
. . . | | S32506 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.015 | 0.90 | 5.5–7.2 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–3.5 | 0.08–0.20 | . . . | W 0.05
–0.30 |
| S32520 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 5.5–8.0 | 23.0–25.0 | 3.–5. | 0.20–0.35 | 0.50
–3.00 |
. . . | | S32550 | 0.04 | 1.50 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 4.5–6.5 | 24.0–27.0 | 2.9–3.9 | 0.10–0.25 | 1.50
–2.50 |
. . . | | S32707 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.50 | 5.5–9.5 | 26.0–29.0 | 4.0–5.0 | 0.30–0.50 | 1.0 max | Co 0.5
–2.0 |
| S32750 | 0.030 | 1.20 | 0.035 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–5.0 | 0.24–0.32 | 0.50 | . . . | | S32760 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 1.00 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.0–4.0 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.50
–1.00 | W 0.50
–1.00 |
| S32808 | 0.030 | 1.10 | 0.030 | 0.010 | 0.50 | 7.0–8.2 | 27.0–27.9 | 0.80–1.20 | 0.30–0.40 | . . . | W 2.10
–2.50 |
| S32900 | 0.08 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.75 | 2.5–5.0 | 23.0–28.0 | 1.00–2.00 | . . . | . . . | . . . | | S32906 | 0.030 | 0.80
–1.50 |
0.030 | 0.030 | 0.80 | 5.8–7.5 | 28.0 –30.0 | 1.50–2.60 | 0.30–0.40 | 0.80 | . . . | | S32950 | 0.030 | 2.00 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.60 | 3.5–5.2 | 26.0–29.0 | 1.00–2.50 | 0.15–0.35 | . . . | . . . | | S33207 | 0.030 | 1.50 | 0.035 | 0.010 | 0.80 | 6.0–9.0 | 29.0–33.0 | 3.0–5.0 | 0.40–0.60 | 1.0 | . . . | | S39274 | 0.030 | 1.00 | 0.030 | 0.020 | 0.80 | 6.0–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 2.5–3.5 | 0.24–0.32 | 0.20
–0.80 | W 1.50
–2.50 |
| S39277 | 0.025 | 0.80 | 0.025 | 0.002 | 0.80 | 6.5–8.0 | 24.0–26.0 | 3.00–4.00 | 0.23–0.33 | 1.20
–2.00 | W 0.80
–1.21 |
| S82011 | 0.030 | 2.0
–3.0 |
0.040 | 0.020 | 1.00 | 1.00–2.00 | 20.5–23.5 | 0.10–1.00 | 0.15–0.27 | 0.50 | . . . | | S82441 | 0.030 | 2.50
–4.00 |
0.035 | 0.005 | 0.70 | 3.0–4.5 | 23.0–25.0 | 1.00–2.00 | 0.20–0.30 | 0.10
–0.80 |
|
A Maximum, unless a range or minimum is indicated. Where ellipses (...) appear in this table, there is no minimum and analysis for the element need not be determined or reported.
B Designation established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.
C % Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N $ 41.
D % Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N $ 40.
Product Analysis
1. An analysis of either one billet or one length of flat-rolled stock or one tube shall be made from each heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements specified.
2. A product analysis tolerance (see the annex table on Chemical Requirements (Product Analysis Tolerances) in Specification A480/A480M) shall apply. The product analysis tolerance is not applicable to the carbon content for material with a specified maximum carbon of 0.04 % or less.
3. If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of two additional billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes shall be made. Both retests for the elements in question shall meet the requirements of this specification; otherwise, all remaining material in the heat shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer, each billet or tube may be individually tested for acceptance. Billets, lengths of flat-rolled stock, or tubes that do not meet the requirements of this specification shall be re- jected.
NOTE 1—For flange and flaring requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting of the same nominal size and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and from the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when heat treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, the number of tubes of the same size and from the same heat in a lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes as prescribed in Table 3.
NOTE 2—For tension and hardness test requirements, the term lot applies to all tubes prior to cutting, of the same nominal diameter and wall thickness that are produced from the same heat of steel. When final heat
treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of the same size and the same heat that are heat treated in the same furnace charge. When the final heat treatment is in a continuous furnace, or when heat treated condition is obtained directly by quenching after hot forming, a lot shall include all tubes of the same size and heat, heat treated in the same furnace at the same temperature, time at heat, and furnace speed, or all tubes of the same size and heat, hot formed and quenched in the same production run.
Mechanical Tests Required
1. Tension Tests—One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of not more than 50 tubes. Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50 tubes (see Note 2).
2. Flaring Test (for Seamless Tubes)—One test shall be made on specimens from one end of one tube from each lot (see Note 1) of finished tubes. The minimum expansion of the inside diameter shall be 10 %.
3. Flange Test (for Welded Tubes)—One test shall be made on specimens from one end of one tube from each lot (see Note1) of finished tubes.
4. Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (see Note 2).
5. When more than one heat is involved, the tension, flaring, flanging, and hardness test requirements shall apply to each heat.
6. Reverse Flattening Test—For welded tubes, one reverse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [450 m] of finished tubing.
Hydrostatic or Nondestructive Electric Test
1 Each tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.
2. The hydrostatic test shall be in accordance with Speci- fication A1016/A1016M, except that in the calculation of the hydrostatic test pressure 64000(441.2) shall be substituted for
32000(220.6).
Table.2 Heat Treatment
| UNS
Designation |
Temperature |
Quench |
| S31803 |
1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32205 |
1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31500 |
1800-1900 °F [980-1040°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32550 |
1900 °F [1040°C] min. |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S31200 |
1920-2010 °F [1050-1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in water |
| S31260 |
1870-2010 °F [1020-1100°C] |
Rapid cooling in water |
| S32001 |
1800-1950 °F [982-1066°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32003 |
1850-2050 °F [1010-1120°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32101 |
1870 °F min |
Quenched in water or Rapidly cooling in other means |
| S32202 |
1870-1975 °F [1020-1080°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32506 |
1870-2050 °F [1020-1120°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32304 |
1700-1920 °F [925-1050°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32750 |
1880-2060 °F [1025-1125°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32760 |
2010-2085 °F [1100-1140°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
| S32950 |
1820-1880 °F [990-1025°C] |
Rapid cooling in water |
| S32520 |
1975-2050 °F [1080-1120°C] |
Rapid cooling in air or water |
Tensile Strength and Hardness Requirements
11.1 The material shall conform to the tensile and hardness properties prescribed in Table 4.
| Grade |
Tensile strength, min., ksi [MPa] |
Yield strength, min., ksi [MPa] |
Elongation in 2 in., or 50mm, min, % |
Hardness, Max
Brinell |
| S31803 |
90 [620] |
65 [450] |
25 |
290 |
| S32205 |
95 [655] |
70 [485] |
25 |
290 |
| S31500 |
92 [630] |
64 [440] |
30 |
290 |
| S32550 |
110 [760] |
80 [550] |
15 |
297 |
| S31200 |
100 [690] |
65 [450] |
25 |
280 |
| S31260 |
100 [690] |
65 [450] |
25 |
290 |
| S32001 |
90 [620] |
65 [450] |
25 |
290 |
| S32304 |
100 [690] |
65 [450] |
25 |
290 |
| S32750 |
116 [800] |
80 [550] |
15 |
310 |
| S32760 |
109 [750] |
80 [550] |
25 |
300 |
| S32950 |
100 [690] |
70 [480] |
20 |
290 |
| S32520 |
112 [770] |
80 [550] |
25 |
310 |
For tubing smaller than 1⁄2 in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter, the elongation values given for strip specimens in Table 4 shall apply. Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in outside diameter or with walls thinner than 0.015 in. [0.4 mm].
Prior to A789/A789M–04, the values for S32003 were 90 ksi tensile strength and 65 ksi yield strength.
Permissible Variations in Dimensions
1 Variations in outside diameter, wall thickness, and length from those specified shall not exceed the amounts prescribed in Table 5.
2 The permissible variations in outside diameter given in Table 5 are not sufficient to provide for ovality in thin-walled tubes, as defined in the table. In such tubes, the maximum and minimum diameters at any cross section shall deviate from the nominal diameter by no more than twice the permissible variation in outside diameter given in Table 5; however, the mean diameter at that cross section must still be within the given permissible variation.
Surface Condition
All tubes shall be free of excessive mill scale, suitable for inspection. A slight amount of oxidation will not be considered as scale. Any special finish requirements shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Product Marking
In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification A1016/A1016M, the marking shall indicate whether the tubing is seamless or welded and the wall designation (average wall or minimum wall).
 
 
|
Size:1/4″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:3/8″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1/2″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:5/8″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:3/4″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:5/16″ × 0.035″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1/4″ × 0.049″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:3/8″ × 0.049″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1/2″ × 0.049″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:5/8″ × 0.049″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:3/4″ × 0.049″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1″ × 0.049″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1/4″ × 0.065″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:3/8″ × 0.065″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1/2″ × 0.065″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:5/8″ × 0.065″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:3/4″ × 0.065″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1″ × 0.065″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
|
Size:1″ × 0.120″
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S32101 Stainless Steel Tubing Tubes Pipe
|
| Temperature, °F |
70 |
212 |
392 |
572 |
| Coefficient* of Thermal Expansion, in/in°F x 10-6 |
- |
7.5 |
7.8 |
8.1 |
Thermal Conductivity
Btu • ft/ft2 • hr • °F |
9.2 |
9.8 |
11.0 |
11.6 |
| Modulus of Elasticity, Dynamic psi x 106 |
29.7 |
29 |
27.6 |
26.1 |
* 70°F to indicated temperature.
|
