1040 AISI 1040 SAE 1040 Steel - SAE AISI 1010 1015 1020 1025 1045 1018 1117 1035 1040 1050 1215 4140 4150

Carbon Steel 1040

1040, 1045 (HR,CF) - Used when greater strength and hardness is desired in the as rolled condition. Good for hammer forge processes. Uses include gears, shafts, axles, bolts sand studs. 1040 is a medium-carbon steel composed of 0.37 to 0.44 percent carbon, 0.6 to 0.9 percent manganese, a maximum of 0.04 percent phosphorus and a maximum of 0.05 sulphur. The remainder is iron. 1040 steel sometimes contains 0.1 to 0.35 percent silicon, according to Interlloy, an Australia-based alloy engineering steel, tool steel and specialty steel producer.

AISI 1040 equivalent to EN8/080M40. An unalloyed medium carbon steel. AISI 1040 is a medium strength steel with good tensile strength. Suitable for shafts, stressed pins, studs, keys etc. 1040 must be pre-heated to 300 to 500 degrees F before welding and reheated to between 1100 degrees F and 1200 degrees F after welding. Otherwise, the area near the weld may develop cracks or become brittle and cause the part to fail during use.

Tensile Strength
Ultimate tensile strength is the maximum load a material will support before it breaks, explains Instron, a materials testing laboratory. Ultimate tensile strength testing is a destruction test. The purpose is to find the point at which a material will fail when supporting a given load or sustaining a set force.

1040 steel will support 90,000 pounds of force per square inch before it fails, if it was hot-rolled. This strength drops to 85,500 psi when the steel has been normalized, or returned as closely as possible to the state it was in when it was produced. Tensile strength drops even further, to 72,250, when it has been annealed, or brought to its softest point while cold.

Normalizing and annealing are two examples of heat treatments. In heat treatment the temperature of the steel is changed in order to alter its molecular structure and change its reaction to various forces during forging and fabrication, according to metallurgist David Pye's heat treatment tutorial at Moldmaking Technology.

Ductility
Ductility is the ability of a material to change shape under stress and force without breaking. It is also a measure of how far a material will stretch or spread under force before it cracks or flakes. The more ductile a metal is, the easier it is to deform and reform without applying heat. Automakers take advantage of the ductility of steel when they build in what are called "crumple zones." These are parts of a car that are intentionally designed to crumple under force, absorbing impact and preventing injury to the driver and passengers.

1040 steel can be deformed to just under 28 percent of its original dimensions with a 54.9 percent reduction in area. Reduction in area is the difference between the original piece prior to testing and the minimum area after the break divided by the area of the original piece.

Principal Design Features
1040 steel has a higher (0.40%) carbon content for greater strength than the lower carbon alloys. It is hardenable by heat treatment, quench and tempering to develop 150 to 250 ksi tensile strength.

Applications
Used for crankshafts, couplings and cold headed parts.

Machinability
Machinability is good, rated at 60% that of the 1112 alloy used as a 100% machining rated steel.

Forming
Forming of 1040 steel in the annealed condition is readily accomplished.

Welding
1040 steel is weldable by all of the welding methods. However with its higher carbon content it is important to use both pre-heat at 300 to 500 F and post-heat at 1100 to 1200 F practice per an approved welding procedure.

Heat Treatment
This steel responds well to hardening by heat treatment at 1550 to 1650 F followed by water quench and then tempering to strength level desired.

Forging
Forge at 2300 F down to 1800 F.

Hot Working
Hot work from 900 to 200 F.

Cold Working
In the annealed state the 1040 alloy is readily cold worked by conventional methods.

Annealing
Anneal at 1600 to 1800 F and slow cool in the furnace for a full anneal. A stress relief anneal may be done at 1100 F and a normalizing treatment may be done at 1650 F with slow cooling.

Tempering
Tempering from the quenched condition may be done at 600 to 1300 F depending upon the strength desired.

Hardening
Cold work will harden the alloy as will heat treatment and tempering.

AISI

BS 970 1955 EN

BS 970 1991

Werkstoff

1040

EN8

080M40

1.1186

Chemical Composition

Carbon

0.37 - 0.44

Iron

Balance

Manganese

0.6 - 0.9

Phosphorus

0.04 max

Sulphur

0.05 max

Physical Properties

Density (lb / cu. in.)

0.284

Specific Gravity

7.86

Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F - [32-212 Deg F])

0.107

Melting Point (Deg F)

2770

Poissons Ratio

0.3

Thermal Conductivity

360

Mean Coeff Thermal Expansion

6.7

Modulus of Elasticity Tension

Modulus of Elasticity Torsion

Mechanical Data

Form

Round Bar

Condition

Cold Drawn

Temper

Tensile Strength

Yield Strength

Elongation

Reduction of Area

Rockwell

B93

Brinnell

170

Form

Round Bar

Condition

Hot Rolled

Temper

Tensile Strength

Yield Strength

Elongation

Reduction of Area

Rockwell

B91

Brinnell

187

Structural Steel Comparison Chart 1

Germany

China

England

France

Italy

Belgium

Swed

Spain

Japan

USA

Material No.

DIN

AFNOR

UNI

NBN

UNE

JIS

AISI

1.0401

C15

080M15

CC12

C15C16

1350

F.111

1015

1.0402

C22

050A20

CC20

C20C21

C25-1

1450

F.112

1020

1.0501

C35

060A35

CC35

C35

C35-1

1550

F.113

1035

1.0503

C45

080M40

CC45

C45

C45-1

1650

F.114

1045

1.0535

C55

070M55

C55

C55-1

1655

1055

1.0601

C60

080A62

43D

CC55

C60

C60-1

1060

1.7015

9SMn28

Y15

230M07

S250

CF9SMn28

1912

11SMn28

SUM22

1213

1.0718

9SMnPb28

S250Pb

CF9MnPb28

1914

11SMnPb28

SUM22L

12L13

1.0722

10SPb20

10PbF2

CF10Pb20

10SPb20

1.0726

35S20

212M36

35MF4

1957

F210G

1140

1.0736

9SMn36

Y13

240M07

S300

CF9SMn36

12SMn35

1215

1.0737

9SMnPb36

S300Pb

CF9SMnPb36

1926

12SMnP35

12L14

1.0904

55Si9

55Si2Mn

250A53

55S7

55Si8

55Si7

2085

56Si7

9255

1.0961

60SiCr7

60SC7

60SiCr8

9262

1.1141

Ck15

080M15

32C

XC12

C16

C16-2

1370

C15K

S15C

1015

1.1157

40Mn4

40Mn

150M36

35M5

1039

1.1158

Ck25

C25-2

S25C

1025

1.1167

36Mn5

35Mn2

40Mn5

2120

36Mn5

SMn438

1335

1.1170

28Mn6

30Mn

150M28

14A

20M5

C28Mn

28Mn6

SCMn1

1330

1.1183

Cf35

35Mn

060A35

XS38TS

C36

1572

S35C

1035

1.1191

Ck45

080M46

XC42

C45

C45-2

1672

C45K

S45C

1045

1.1203

Ck55

070M55

XC45

C50

C55-2

C55K

S55C

1055

1.1213

Cf53

060A52

XC48TS

C53

1674

S50C

1050

1.1221

Ck60

60Mn

080A62

43D

XC60

C60

C60-2

1678

S58C

1060

1.1274

Ck101

060A96

1870

SUP4

1095

1.3401

X120Mn12

Z120M12

X120M12

XG120Mn12

X120Mn12

SCMn
H/1

1.3505

100Cr6

Gr15
45Gr

534A99

100C6

100Cr6

2258

F.131

SUJ2

52100

1.5415

15Mo3

1501-240

15D3

16Mo3KW

16Mo3

2912

16Mo3

ASTM A20Gr.A

Structural Steel Comparison Table 2

Germany

China

England

France

Italy

Belgium

Swe

Spain

Material No.

DIN

AFNOR

UNI

NBN

UNE

1.5426

16Mo5

1503-245-420

16Mo5

1.5622

14Ni6

16N6

14Ni6

18Ni6

15Ni6

1.5662

X8Ni9

1501-509;510

X10Ni9

10Ni36

XBNi09

1.5680

12Ni19

Z18N5

12Ni20

1.5710

36NiCr6

640A35

111A

35NC6

1.5732

14NiCr10

14NC11

16NiCr11

15NiCr11

1.5752

14NiCr14

655M13;655A12

36A

12NC15

13NiCr12

1.6511

36CrNiMo4

816M40

110

40NCD3

38CrNiMo4

35CrNiMo4

1.6523

21NiCrMo2

850M20

362

20NCD2

20NiCrMo2

2503

20NiCrMo2

1.6546

40NiCrMo2

311-Type7

40NiCrMo2

1.6582

34CrNiMo6

40CrNiMoA

817M40

35NCD6

35CrNiMo6

2541

1.6587

17CrNiMo6

820A16

18NCD6

17CrNiMo7

14CrNiMo13

1.7015

15Cr3

15Cr

523M15

12C3

15Cr2

1.7033

34Cr4

35Cr

530A32

18B

32C4

34Cr4(KB)

34Cr4

35Cr4

1.7035

41Cr4

40Cr

530M40

42C4

41Cr4

42Cr4

1.7045

42Cr4

40Cr

2245

42Cr4

1.7131

16MnCr15

18CrMn

(527M20)

16MC5

16MnCr15

2511

16MnCr15

1.7176

55Cr3

20CrMn

527A60

55C3

55Cr3

1.7218

25CrMo4

30CrMn

1717CDS110

25CD4

25CrMo4

2225

55Cr3

1.7220

34CrMo4

35CrMo

708A37

19B

35CD4

35CrMo4

34CrMo4

2234

34CrMo4

1.7223

41CrMo4

40CrMoA

708M40

19A

42CD4TS

41CrMo4

2244

41CrMo4

1.7225

42CrMo4

42CrMo;
42CrMnMo

708M40

19A

42CD4

42CrMo4

2244

42CrMo4

1.7262

15CrMo5

12CD4

2216

12CrMo4

1.7335

13CrMo44

1501-620Gr.27

15CD3.5;
15CD4.5

14CrMo44

14CrMo45

1.7361

32CrMo12

722M24

40B

30CD12

32CrMo12

2240

F.124.A

1.7380

10CrMo910

1501-622Gr.31;45

12CD9;10

12CrMo9,10

2218

TU.H

1.7715

14MoV63

1503-660-440

13MoCrV6

1.8159

50CrV4

50CrVA

735A50

50CV4

50CrV4

2230

51CrV4

1.8509

41CrAlMo7

905M39

41B

40CAD6,12

41CrAlMo7

2940

41CrAlMo7

1.8523

39CrMoV139

897M39

40C

36CrMoV12

36CrMoV13