ASTM A48 Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings
This specification covers gray iron castings intended for general engineering use where tensile strength is a major consideration. Casting are classified on the basis of the tensile strength of the iron in separately cast test bars. The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot tears, as determined by visual examination. The test bars are designated into S, A, B, and C categories, according to the thickness of its controlling wall section. The casting shall be subjected to a tension test to determine its tensile strength.
This standard is for gray iron castings used for general engineering use where tensile strength is a major consideration. Casting degrees are classified on the basis of the tensile strength of the cast test bars. This standard also provides the chemical composition and physical properties for motor vehicles.Castings produced to this specification are graded on the basis of minimum tensile strength obtained in special test coupons designed to standardize cooling rate. The tensile strength developed in certain casting sections may vary from test coupon values
According the minimum tensile strength obtained by test bars, designers could choose the suitable gray iron degrees. The following information is from ASTM.This specification covers gray iron castings intended for general engineering use where tensile strength is a major consideration. Castings are classified on the basis of the tensile strength of the iron in separately cast test bars.
| Alternative Standards: |
| GB/T 9439-1998 |
| NF A32-101(1997)/NF EN 1561:1997 |
| DIN 1691-1985 |
| ISO 185:1988 |
| JIS G5501(1995) |
| KS D4301-1985 |
| ГOCT 1412-1985 |
| BS 1452-1990 |
ASTM A48 Gray Iron Degree and Tensile Strength
| Degree/Grade |
Test Bar Strength
Min. Mpa |
Test Bar Diameter
d/mm |
| ANSI / ASTM |
UNS |
No.20A
No.20B
No.20C
No.20S |
F11401 |
138 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
No.25A
No.25B
No.25C
No.25S |
F11701 |
172 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
No.30A
No.30B
No.30C
No.30S |
F12101 |
207 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
No.35A
No.35B
No.35C
No.35S |
F12401 |
241 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
No.40A
No.40B
No.40C
No.40S |
F12801 |
276 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
No.45A
No.45B
No.45C
No.45S |
F13101 |
310 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
No.50A
No.50B
No.50C
No.50S |
F13501 |
345 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
No.55A
No.55B
No.55C
No.55S |
F13801 |
379 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
No.60A
No.60B
No.60C
No.60S |
F14101 |
414 |
22.4
30.5
50.8
S Bar |
ASTM A48 Gray Iron Degree and Chemical Composition for Motor Vehicles
| Degree/Grade |
C % |
Si % |
Mn % |
P %
≤ |
S %
≤ |
CE |
| ASTM |
UNS |
| G1800 |
F10004 |
3.40~3.70 |
2.30~2.80 |
0.50~0.80 |
0.25 |
0.15 |
4.25~4.5 |
| G2500 |
F10005 |
3.20~3.50 |
2.00~2.40 |
0.60~0.90 |
0.20 |
0.15 |
4.0~4.25 |
| G2500a |
F10009 |
≤3.40 |
1.60~2.10 |
0.60~0.90 |
0.15 |
0.12 |
— |
| G3000 |
F10006 |
3.10~3.40 |
1.90~2.30 |
0.60~0.90 |
0.15 |
0.15 |
3.9~4.15 |
| G3500 |
F10007 |
3.00~3.30 |
1.80~2.20 |
0.60~0.90 |
0.12 |
0.15 |
3.7~3.9 |
| G3500b |
F10010 |
≤3.40 |
1.30~1.80 |
0.60~0.90 |
0.15 |
0.12 |
— |
| G3500c |
F10011 |
≤3.50 |
1.30~1.80 |
0.60~0.90 |
0.15 |
0.12 |
— |
| G4000 |
F10008 |
3.00~3.30 |
1.80~2.10 |
0.70~1.00 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
3.7~3.9 |
| G4000d |
F10012 |
3.10~3.60 |
1.95~2.40 |
0.60~0.90 |
0.10 |
0.15 |
(+Cr, +Mo) |
ASTM A48 Gray Iron Physical Properties and Mechanical Properties for Motor Vehicles
| Degree/Grade |
Tensile Strength
σb≥/Mpa |
Yield Strength
σbb≥/Mpa |
Elongation
f ≥ / mm |
Hardness
HBS |
Impression Diameter
mm |
| G1800 |
137 |
780 |
3.6 |
143~187 |
5.0~4.4 |
| G2500, G2500a |
172 |
910 |
4.3 |
170~229 |
4.6~4.0 |
| G3000 |
206 |
1000 |
5.1 |
187~241 |
4.4~3.9 |
G3500, G3500b,
G3500c |
240 |
1090 |
6.1 |
207~255 |
4.2~3.8 |
| G4000, G4000d |
275 |
11800 |
6.9 |
217~269 |
4.1~3.7 |
|
