Zhejiang Guanyu Stainless Steel Tube Co., Ltd  
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Fabrication

Cold Forming






Stainless steel supplied in the annealing condition (No.1, HRA, 2D, 2B or Bright Annealing) can be cold formed by any of the conventional processes. These processes include blanking, bending, piercing, roll forming, coining, embossing, pressing, spinning, flow forming and deep drawing. In general the equipment such as presses, press brakes, guillotines, etc. used for carbon steel can be used for stainless steel.

However, as more power is required to work stainless steel, the capacity of the equipment is effectively reduced, eg. Guillotines and press brakes that are rated up to 6mm thickness for carbon steel are restricted to 4mm for stainless steel. In operations where austenitic grades are cold worked, eg. Pressing and deep drawing the capacity of the equipment can be effectively reduced by up to 60% due to rapid work hardening characteristics of these materials.

In addition to the extra power requirements to from stainless steel, greater demands are made on the form tooling. Stainless steel not only have greater strength than carbon steel but work harden more, cause more wear, are susceptible to pressure welding, exhibit more springback and have lower heat conductivity. As a result of this, tool material must be harder, smoother and better designed than tooling for carbon steel.

Higher grade tool steel are required and frequently tungsten carbide or aluminium bronze are utilized. However, in the case of the latter these metals can be used as "inserts" in critical areas rather than the complete tool. In many cases tools designed for carbon steel are used for stainless steel, in such cases one must expect to make changes in "setting", use higher quality lubricants, have more frequent maintenance and reduced life.

As a result of the above, lubrication requirements are critical and high quality products are essential. Heavy duty pastes and emulsions, sulphurised or sulphurchlorinated oils, chlorinated oils or waxes are used depending on the forming operation. Mineral oils, soap solutions and general purpose soluble oils are not usually used. Ease of removal after forming is also a consideration since all traces of lubricant must be removed prior to subsequent heat treatment or before putting into service. Surface contamination can increase finishing coasts and adversely affect corrosion resistance. In some cases, especially pressing or deep drawing of ferritic grades, material is PVC or PE coated prior to forming. This not only acts as a very effective lubricant, but increases the formability, prevents galling and/or pressure welding and minimises damage to the surface finish.

Cold Forming - Blanking and Piercing | Press Breaking and Roll Forming | Spinning and Flow Forming | Coining and Embossing | Press Forming | Deep Drawing

Cutting - Sawing | Hand Hacksawing | Shearing | Abrasive Cutting | Thermal Cutting

Hot Rolling - Hot Rolling Process | Hot Rolling Application | Types of Hot Rolling Mill | Hot Rolled Steel Tube | History

Cold Rolling - Physical metallurgy | Degree of cold work | Cold Rolling Stainless Steel | Manufacturing Process

Foil rolling | Rolling Mill | Steel Mill | Production methods | Recycling of Steel | Modern Steelmaking | Contemporary Steel


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Main Products:

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Heat Exchanger Tube
Super Duplex Pipe
Nickel Alloy Tube
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Stainless Steel Capillary Tube
Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe
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Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing
Stainless Steel Twisted Tube
Polishing Stainless Steel Tubing
Stainless Steel Aircraft Tube
Stainless Steel Hydraulic Tubing
Stainless Steel Instrumentation Tubing
Stainless Steel Angle Iron Bar
Stainless Steel Mechanical Tube
Bright Annealing Stainless Tube
Heat resistant Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel Welded Pipe
Extruded Serrated Finned Tubes Integral Finned Tubes / Extruded Aluminum Finned Tubes
Brass Alloys Copper Nickel Alloy Integral Low Finned Tubes
HFW High Frequency Welded Helical Spiral Serrated Finned Tubes
Corrosion Resistant Stainless Steel
Corrosion Resistance Stainless Steel

Stainless Steel Tubing Pipe

304 Stainless Steel Pipe
304L Stainless Steel Pipe
304H Stainless Steel Pipe
304/304L Stainless Steel Tubing
309S Stainless Steel Pipe
310S Stainless Steel Pipe
316L Stainless Steel Tubing
316Ti Stainless Steel Tube
317L Stainless Steel Pipe
321 321H Stainless Steel
347 347H Stainless Steel
904L N08094 Seamless Tubes
17-4 PH 630 UNS S17400 Stainless Steel
253MA S30815 Stainless Steel Tube
S31254 254 SMO Pipe
S31803 Stainless Steel
2205 Duplex Pipe Tubing
S32101 Stainless Steel
S32304 Stainless Steel
2507 Super Duplex Pipe
S32750 Super Duplex Pipe
S32760 Super Duplex Steel
1.4462 Stainless Steel Pipe
ASTM A213 | ASTM A269
ASTM A312 | ASTM A511
ASTM A789 | ASTM A790
ASTM B161 / ASME SB 161 | ASTM B111
EN 10216-5
ASTM A789 ASME SA 789 S31803 S32205 S32101 S32750 S32760 S32304 S31500 S31260 Seamless Tubes
EN 10216-5 1.4462 1.4362 1.4162 1.4410 1.4501 Seamless Tubes
Nickel Alloy Tubing:

UNS N08020 Alloy 20 Tubing
UNS N02200 Alloy 200 Tube
UNS N02201 Alloy 201 Pipe
UNS N04400 Monel 400 Tubing
N06600 Inconel 600 Tube
N06601 Inconel 601 Tubing
N06625 Inconel 625 Tubes
N08800 Incoloy 800 Tube
N08810 Incoloy 800H Tube
N08811 Incoloy 800HT Tubing
UNS N08825 Incoloy 825 Pipe
ASTM B622 N10276 C276 Tubing
ASTM B622 N06022 Hastelloy C-22 Alloy Tubes
C28000 Brass Seamless Tubes C44300 Brass Seamless Tubes
C68700 Brass Seamless Tubes
C70600 Copper Nickel Tubes
C71500 Copper Nickel Tubes
DIN 2391 Seamless Precision Steel Tubes
EN 10305-1 E215 E235 E355 Seamless Precision Steel Tube Tubing Tubes
DIN 2393 St28 St34.2 St37.2 St44.2 St52.3 Welded Precision Steel Tubes
EN 10305-2 E195 E235 E355 Welded Cold Drawn Precision Steel Tube