Stainless Steel for Spring Application
Stainless Steel for Spring Application | Heat Treatment of Stainless Steel for Spring Application
European standard now cover both stainless steel strip and wire for springs. EN 10151:2002 applies to strip and replaces BS5770 part 4:1981, which is now withdrawn. EN 10272-3:2001 applies to wire and replaces BS2056:1981. Both standards use the European steel grade number system, most of which are also shown in EN 10088-1
EN 10151 stainless steel strip for springs
EN 10151 was published in 2002 and replaced BS5770 part 4 (1981), which is now withdrawn. It contains 10 grades, one ferritic, three martensitic one precipitation hardening and five austenitic. With the exception of austenitic grade 1.4369 (X11CrNiMnN19-8-6), the grade compositions are covered by EN 10088-2. The composition of grade 1.4369 has been designed to keep the steel non magnetic in all conditions. The EN 10151 has a more comprehensive scope than BS5770:4.
EN 10151 grade 1.4310 is the alternative to BS5770 grade 301S21, 1.4301 the alternative to 304S25 and 1.4401 the alternative to 316S16 in the austenitic types. Grades 1.4021 and 1.4028 are the EN 10151 alternatives to martensitic BS5770, 420S29 and 420S45 grades.
The other main difference between the standard is the way in which the 'spring temper' is specified. EN 10151 uses tensile strength ranges, rather than Vickers hardness 'condition' of BS5770:4. (TR230, TR280, TR330, TR380 etc depending on grade)
EN 10151 grades and delivery conditions
The chemical composition of all the grades are shown below. Values are maxima, unless there is a range stated.
| Steel name |
Number |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
N |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
Others |
| X6Cr17 |
1.4016 |
0.08 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.015 |
- |
16.0/18.0 |
- |
- |
- |
| X20Cr13 |
1.4021 |
0.16
/0.25 |
1.00 |
1.50 |
0.040 |
0.015 |
- |
12.0/14.0 |
- |
- |
- |
| X30Cr13 |
1.4028 |
0.26
/0.35 |
1.00 |
1.50 |
0.040 |
0.015 |
- |
12.0/14.0 |
- |
- |
- |
| X39Cr13 |
1.4031 |
0.36
/0.42 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.015 |
- |
12.5/14.5 |
- |
- |
- |
| X7CrNiAl17-7 |
1.4568 |
0.09 |
0.70 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.015 |
- |
16.0/18.0 |
- |
6.5
/7.8 |
Al:
0.70
/1.50 |
| X10CrNi18-8 |
1.4310 |
0.05
/0.15 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.015 |
0.11 |
16.0/19.0 |
0.80 |
6.0
/9.5 |
- |
| X5CrNi18-10 |
1.4301 |
0.07 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.015 |
0.11 |
17.5/19.5 |
- |
8.0
/10.5 |
- |
| X5CrNiMo17-12-2 |
1.4401 |
0.07 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.015 |
0.11 |
16.5/18.5 |
2.0
/2.50 |
10.0
/13.0 |
- |
| X11CrNiMnN19-8-6 |
1.4369 |
0.07
/0.15 |
0.50
/1.00 |
5.0/7.5 |
0.030 |
0.015 |
0.20
/0.30 |
17.5/19.5 |
- |
6.5
/8.5 |
- |
| X12CrMnNiN17-7-5 |
1.4372 |
0.15 |
1.00 |
5.5/7.5 |
0.045 |
0.015 |
0.05
/0.25 |
16.0/18.0 |
- |
3.5
/5.5 |
- |
The specified tensile ranges and the 'available' tensile strength levels, by grade, are tabulated below.
| Steel name |
Number |
+C700 |
+C850 |
+C
1000 |
+C
1150 |
+C
1300 |
+C
1500 |
+C
1700 |
+C
1900 |
Hardness |
| X6Cr17 |
1.4016 |
X |
X |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
200
/300 |
| X20Cr13 |
1.4021 |
X |
X |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
- |
| X30Cr13 |
1.4028 |
X |
X |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
- |
| X39Cr13 |
1.4031 |
X |
X |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
- |
| X7CrNiAl17-7 |
1.4568 |
NA |
NA |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
NA |
- |
| X10CrNi18-8 |
1.4310 |
NA |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
250
/600 |
| X5CrNi18-10 |
1.4301 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
NA |
NA |
NA |
220
/450 |
| X5CrNiMo17-12-2 |
1.4401 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
NA |
NA |
NA |
220
/400 |
| X11CrNiMnN19-8-6 |
1.4369 |
NA |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
NA |
NA |
300
/475 |
| X12CrMnNiN17-7-5 |
1.4372 |
NA |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
NA |
NA |
250
/500 |
Available tensile strength levels in MPa (N/mm2) are:-
+C700 = 700/850: +C850 = 850/1000: +C1000 = 1000/1150: +C1150 = 1150/1300; +C1300 = 1300/1500: +C1500 = 1500/1700: +C1700 = 1700/1900: +C1900 = 1900/2200
Notes:
Martensitic grades 1.4021, 1.4028 and 1.4031 should also be available in the annealed condition.
Precipitation hardening grade 1.4568 should also be available in the solution annealed condition.
Total hardness Vickers ranges apply to ferritic and austenitic types only. Steel can be supplied to any HV aim value within the range.
The table below shows approximate equivalents of the TR designations in BS 5770
| BS 5770 Designation |
Approximate Equivalent UTS Range (MPa) |
Nearest Equivalent Condition in EN 10151 |
| TR 500 |
> 1550 |
+C1500 |
| TR 380 |
> 1230 |
+C1300 |
| TR 330 |
1050/1230 |
+C1000/+C1150 |
| TR 280 |
910/1050 |
+C850/+C1000 |
| TR 230 |
750/910 |
+C700/+C850 |
EN 10270-3 stainless steel wire for springs
EN 10270-3 was published in 2001 and replaced BS2056 (1991), which is now withdrawn. It contains only 3 grades, two austenitic and one precipitation hardening. (The grade compositions are also covered by EN 10088-3)
The EN 10270-3 has fewer grades than BS2056, which included the hardenable martensitic 420S45 and the highly alloyed austenitic 904S14 grades. There is also no austenitic with the enhanced nickel range of the 305S11 (11.0/13.0% Ni), which was for applications where low magnetic permeability in the cold drawn condition was required. EN 10270-3 grade 1.4310 is the alternative to BS2056 302S26 and 1.4401 the alternative to 316S33 and 316S42. Grade 1.4568 in EN 10270-3 is similar to the 301S81 of BS2056. These are NOT compositional equivalents. Annex B of BSEN 10270-3 shows a cross-reference table to former French, German and Swedish steel grades. The original standards should be consulted for grade comparisons.
EN 10270-3 grades and delivery conditions
The compositions of all the grades are shown below. Values are maxima, unless there is a range stated.
| Name |
Number |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
Other |
| X10CrNi18-8 |
1.4310 |
0.05/0.15 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.015 |
16.00/19.00 |
0.80 |
6.00/9.50 |
N:
0.11 |
| X5CrNiMo17-12-2 |
1.4401 |
0.07 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
0.045 |
0.015 |
16.50/18.50 |
2.00/2.50 |
10.00/13.00 |
N:
0.11 |
| X7CrNiAl17-7 |
1.4568 |
0.09 |
0.70 |
1.00 |
0.040 |
0.015 |
16.00/18.00 |
- |
6.50/7.80 |
Al:
0.70
/1.50 |
The specified minimum tensile strength levels, by grade, in the drawn or heat treated (1.4568 only) conditions are tabulated below.
| Steel number |
|
1.4310 |
|
1.4310 |
|
1.4401 |
|
1.4568 |
|
1.4568 |
| Nominal diameter |
|
Drawn Normal |
|
Drawn High |
|
Drawn |
|
Drawn |
|
Heat Treated |
| Below 0.20 |
|
2200 |
|
2350 |
|
1725 |
|
1975 |
|
2275 |
| 0.20-0.30 |
|
2150 |
|
2300 |
|
1700 |
|
1950 |
|
2250 |
| 0.30-0.40 |
|
2100 |
|
2250 |
|
1675 |
|
1925 |
|
2225 |
| 0.40-0.50 |
|
2050 |
|
2200 |
|
1650 |
|
1900 |
|
2200 |
| 0.50-0.65 |
|
2000 |
|
2150 |
|
1625 |
|
1850 |
|
2150 |
| 0.65-0.80 |
|
1950 |
|
2100 |
|
1600 |
|
1825 |
|
2125 |
| 0.80-1.00 |
|
1900 |
|
2050 |
|
1575 |
|
1800 |
|
2100 |
| 1.00-1.25 |
|
1850 |
|
2000 |
|
1550 |
|
1750 |
|
2050 |
| 1.25-1.50 |
|
1800 |
|
1950 |
|
1500 |
|
1700 |
|
2000 |
| 1.50-1.75 |
|
1750 |
|
1900 |
|
1450 |
|
1650 |
|
1950 |
| 1.75-2.00 |
|
1700 |
|
1850 |
|
1400 |
|
1600 |
|
1900 |
| 2.00-2.50 |
|
1650 |
|
1750 |
|
1350 |
|
1550 |
|
1850 |
| 2.50-3.00 |
|
1600 |
|
1700 |
|
1300 |
|
1500 |
|
1800 |
| 3.00-3.50 |
|
1550 |
|
1650 |
|
1250 |
|
1450 |
|
1750 |
| 3.50-4.25 |
|
1500 |
|
1600 |
|
1225 |
|
1400 |
|
1700 |
| 4.25-5.00 |
|
1450 |
|
1550 |
|
1200 |
|
1350 |
|
1650 |
| 5.00-6.00 |
|
1400 |
|
1500 |
|
1150 |
|
1300 |
|
1550 |
| 6.00-7.00 |
|
1350 |
|
1450 |
|
1125 |
|
1250 |
|
1500 |
| 7.00-8.50 |
|
1300 |
|
1400 |
|
1075 |
|
1250 |
|
1500 |
| 8.50-10.0 |
|
1250 |
|
1350 |
|
1050 |
|
1250 |
|
1500 |
Note diameter ranges include the minimum figure, but exclude the maximum figure.
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