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Ultrasonic Velocity Acoustical Properties Of Various Materials
| Material |
Ultrasonic Velocity |
| Longitudinal |
Transverse (Shear) |
Impedance |
| |
in / us |
mm / us |
in / us |
mm / us |
Z |
| Metals |
| Aluminum 1100-0 |
0.248 |
6.229 |
0.121 |
3.073 |
17.1 |
| Aluminum 2024-T4 |
0.251 |
6.375 |
0.124 |
3.150 |
17.6 |
| Aluminum 6061-T6 |
0.248 |
6.299 |
0.124 |
3.150 |
17.0 |
| Beryllium |
0.507 |
12.878 |
0.350 |
8.890 |
23.5 |
| Brass (70% Cu - 30% Zn |
0.172 |
4.369 |
0.083 |
2.108 |
37.1 |
| Bronze (Phosphor 5%) |
0.139 |
3.531 |
0.088 |
2.235 |
31.3 |
| Copper |
0.187 |
4.750 |
0.092 |
2.337 |
42.5 |
| Gold |
0.128 |
3.251 |
0.047 |
1.194 |
62.6 |
| Hastelloy C |
0.230 |
5.842 |
0.114 |
2.896 |
52.2 |
| Hastelloy X |
0.228 |
5.791 |
0.108 |
2.743 |
47.7 |
| Inconel (Wrought) |
0.308 |
7.823 |
0.119 |
3.023 |
64.5 |
| Iron (Cast), Various Alloys |
0.138-0.220 |
3.505-5.588 |
0.087-0.126 |
2.210-3.200 |
24.3-41.2 |
| Lead (94Pb-6Sb) |
0.085 |
2.159 |
0.032 |
0.813 |
23.5 |
| Magnesium, Various Alloys |
0.215-0.228 |
5.461-5.791 |
0.119-0.122 |
3.023-3.099 |
9.24-10.6 |
| Monel |
0.211 |
5.359 |
0.107 |
2.718 |
47.2 |
| Nickel (CP) |
0.222 |
5.639 |
0.117 |
2.972 |
50.0 |
| Silver (0.99 Fine) |
0.142 |
3.607 |
0.063 |
1.600 |
37.8 |
| Steel 1020 |
0.232 |
5.893 |
0.128 |
3.251 |
45.4 |
| Steel 4340 |
0.230 |
5.842 |
0.128 |
3.251 |
45.6 |
| Steel , CRES 300 Series |
0.221-0.226 |
5.613-5.740 |
0.120-.0123 |
3.048-3.124 |
44.6-45.4 |
| Steel , CRES 400 Series |
0.212-0.237 |
5.385-6.020 |
0.118-0.132 |
2.997-3.353 |
41.3-46.3 |
| Titanium, 6AI-4V |
0.243 |
6.172 |
0.130 |
3.302 |
27.3 |
| Zircaloy |
0.186 |
4.724 |
0.093 |
2.362 |
44.2 |
| Zirconium |
0.183 |
4.648 |
0.089 |
2.261 |
30.1 |
| Polymers |
| Acrylics |
0.105-0.109 |
2.667-2.769 |
0.044-0.057 |
1.118-1.448 |
3.15-3.51 |
| Cellulose Acetate |
0.096 |
2.438 |
No Shear Component |
3.19 |
| Nylon |
0.016 |
2.692 |
No Shear Component |
------------- |
| Phenolic |
0.056 |
1.422 |
No Shear Component |
1.90 |
| Polycarbonate |
0.090 |
2.286 |
No Shear Component |
2.71 |
| Polyethylene |
0.105 |
2.667 |
No Shear Component |
2.94 |
| Polystyrene |
0.094 |
2.388 |
0.045 |
1.143 |
2.52 |
| Rubber (Natural) |
0.061 |
1.549 |
No Shear Component |
1.74 |
| Rubber (Carbon Filter) |
0.066 |
1.676 |
No Shear Component |
------------- |
| Rubber (Silicone) |
0.037 |
0.94 |
No Shear Component |
1.40 |
| Teflon |
0.054 |
1.372 |
0.250 |
6.35 |
3.00 |
| Miscellaneous Solids |
| Alumina (Al2O3) |
0.427 |
10.846 |
No Shear Component |
43.1 |
| Concrete |
0.167-0.207 |
4.242-5.258 |
0.135 |
3.429 |
12.4 |
| Glass (Plate) |
0.227 |
5.766 |
No Shear Component |
14.5 |
| Granite |
0.156 |
3.962 |
0.076 |
1.93 |
10.9 |
| Ice ( -16C) |
0.150 |
3.81 |
No Shear Component |
3.60 |
| Quartz, Natural |
0.226 |
5.74 |
0.139 |
3.531 |
15.2 |
| Quartz, Fused |
0.219 |
5.563 |
0.302 |
7.671 |
14.5 |
| Sapphire |
0.469 |
11.913 |
0.157 |
3.988 |
47.2 |
| Tungsten Carbide |
0.262 |
6.655 |
No Shear Component |
67.6 |
| Composite Material |
| Fiberglass (50 v/o) |
0.124 |
3.15 |
0.068 |
1.727 |
6.04 |
| Graphite/Epoxy (60 v/o) |
0.117 |
2.972 |
0.077 |
1.956 |
4.65 |
| Boron/Epoxy (50v/o) |
0.131 |
3.327 |
0.072 |
1.829 |
6.38 |
| Liquids |
| Ethylene Glycol |
0.064 |
1.626 |
No Shear Component |
1.80 |
| Glycerin |
0.076 |
1.93 |
No Shear Component |
2.42 |
| Oil (SAE 20) |
0.069 |
1.753 |
No Shear Component |
1.51 |
| Water (20C) |
0.058 |
1.473 |
No Shear Component |
1.48 |
| Gases |
| Air (20ºC) |
0.014 |
0.356 |
No Shear Component |
0.00041 |
| Nitrogen (20ºC) |
0.014 |
0.356 |
No Shear Component |
0.00041 |
| Oxygen (20ºC) |
0.013 |
0.33 |
No Shear Component |
0.00043 |
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