Mechanical Properties of 316 1.4401 316L 1.4404 Stainless Steel
Mechanical Properties of ASTM A213 TP316 / TP 316L / TP316H Stainless Steel SMLS Pipe in the Annealed Condition
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Tensile Strength |
Yield Strength |
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| Alloy |
UNS |
Spec. |
MPa |
ksi |
ksi |
MPa |
Elongation in 2 inch (min.) % |
Grain Size Req. |
Max. Hardness HRB Rockwell |
| TP316 |
S31600 |
A312 |
515 |
75 |
30 |
205 |
35 |
— |
90 HRB |
| TP316L |
S31603 |
A213 |
485 |
70 |
25 |
170 |
35 |
— |
90 HRB |
| TP316H |
S31609 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
7 or coa
rser |
— |
Room Temperature Tensile Properties
Minimum mechanical properties for annealed Alloys 316, 316L and 317L austenitic stainless steel as required by ASTM specifications ASTM A213 and ASME specification SA-213 are shown below.
| Properties |
Minimum Mechanical Properties Required by ASTM A213 and ASME SA-213 |
| Alloy 316 (S31600) |
Alloy 316L (S31603) |
Alloy 317L (S31703) |
Yield Strength
0.2% Offset
psi (MPa)
|
30,000
(205) |
25,000
(170) |
30,000
(205) |
Ultimate Tensile Strength
psi (MPa) |
75,000
(515) |
70,000
(485) |
75,000
(515) |
| Percent Elongation in 2 in. or 51 mm. |
40.0 |
40.0 |
40.0 |
Hardness Max.
Brinell (RB) |
217
(95) |
217
(95) |
217
(95) |
Effect of Cold Working
Deformation of austenitic alloys at room or slightly elevated temperature produces an increase in strength accompanied by a decrease in elongation value. Alloys 316, 316L, and 317L flat rolled products are generally available in the annealed condition.
Analyses Tested
| Alloy |
C |
Mn |
Cr |
Ni |
Mo |
| 316 |
0.051 |
1.65 |
17.33 |
13.79 |
2.02 |
| 316L |
0.015 |
1.84 |
16.17 |
10.16 |
2.11 |
| 317L |
0.025 |
1.72 |
18.48 |
12.75 |
3.15 |
Elevated Temperature Tensile Properties
Representative short time elevated temperature tensile properties for Alloys 316, 316L, and 317L of the following analyses are shown below.
Analyses Tested
| Alloy |
C |
Mn |
Cr |
Ni |
Mo |
| 316 |
0.080 |
1.5 |
17.78 |
12.5 |
2.46 |
| 316L |
0.015 |
1.84 |
16.17 |
10.16 |
2.11 |
| 317L |
0.025 |
1.72 |
18.48 |
12.75 |
3.15 |
Type 316 (Bar specimen tension test procedures)
| Test Temperature |
Yield Strength
0.2% Offset |
Ultimate Tensile
Strength |
Elongation, Percent in
2 in. (51 mm) |
Reduction
in Area, Percent |
| °F |
°C |
psi |
MPa |
psi |
MPa |
| 68 |
20 |
42,000 |
292 |
82,000 |
568 |
68.0 |
81.0 |
| 200 |
93 |
-- |
-- |
75,600 |
521 |
54.0 |
80.0 |
| 400 |
204 |
-- |
-- |
71,400 |
492 |
51.0 |
78.0 |
| 600 |
316 |
-- |
-- |
71,150 |
491 |
48.0 |
71.0 |
| 800 |
427 |
26,500 |
183 |
71,450 |
493 |
47.0 |
71.0 |
| 1000 |
538 |
23,400 |
161 |
68,400 |
472 |
55.0 |
70.0 |
| 1200 |
649 |
22,600 |
156 |
50,650 |
349 |
24.0 |
32.0 |
| 1400 |
760 |
-- |
-- |
30,700 |
212 |
26.0 |
35.0 |
| 1600 |
871 |
-- |
-- |
18,000 |
124 |
47.0 |
40.0 |
Stress Rupture and Creep Properties
At temperatures of about 1000°F (538°C) and higher, creep and stress rupture become considerations for the austenitic stainless steel pipe. Considerable variation in the creep strength and stress rupture strength values is reported by various investigators.
Impact Resistance
The annealed austenitic stainless steel maintain a high level of impact resistance even at cryogenic temperatures, a property which, in combination with their low temperature strength and fabricability, has led to their extensive use in cryogenic applications. Representative Charpy V-notch impact data for annealed Type 316 at room temperature are shown below.
| Temperature |
Energy Absorbed |
| °F |
°C |
Ft-lb |
J |
| 75 |
23 |
65 - 100 |
88 - 134 |
Fatigue Strength
The fatigue strength or endurance limit is the maximum stress below which material is unlikely to fail in 10 million cycles in air environment. For austenitic stainless steel tube as a group, the fatigue strength is typically about 35 percent of the tensile strength. Substantial variability in service results is experienced since additional variables such as corrosive conditions, form of stress and mean value, surface roughness, and other factors affect fatigue properties. For this reason, no definitive endurance limit values can be given which are representative of all operating conditions. SA 213 TP 316L
General Properties
Chemical Composition
Resistance to Corrosion
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Oxidation Resistance
Heat Treatment
Fabrication
Comparison Grade 316 316L 316Ti
S32304 S31803 S32205 S32750 Mechanical Properties
Brinell and Rockwell Hardness Conversion Chart
Hardness Testing General
Brinell Hardness Testing
Rockwell Hardness Testing
Vickers Hardness Testing
Carbon Low Alloy Steel and Cast Steel Hardness Conversion Table
Rockwell Rockwell Superficial Brinell Vickers Shore Hardness Conversion Table
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